Common name: Golden-line barbel, Pineapple fish. Conservation status: Endangered, Category II of the National Key Protected Wildlife List in 1989 and China Red Data book of endangered animals (Wang 1998). Identification: Small freshwater cyprinid (10–23 cm length, 50–250 g weight), Small pectorals, pelvics, anal fin and forked caudal fin. Dark gray head and back, pale yellow on sides, white belly; reddish paired fins and anal fin; elongated and compressed body, short snout, sub-terminal mouth, two pair of barbels, pharyngeal teeth (2 · 3 · 4/4 · 3 · 2), eyes above the front section of head. Lateral line scales 60–69, D: iii 7; A: iii 5; P: i 14–16; V: ii 8–9 (Yue 2000). Distribution: Only in Dianchi Lake and surrounding lakes, China. Abundance: S. grahami was always an economically important in Dianchi Lake, but now it is seen only occasionally in the wild. Habitat and ecology: Lives in open water, especially in the depths of the lake. Juveniles feed mainly on zooplankton and plant fragments. Adults feed on small fishes, shrimps, and zooplankton. Reproduction: Few reports. During the spawning season (December to February) it swims into the karst caves with springs on the beach of lake (Wang 1998; Yang et al. 2007). Threats: Land reclamation around Dianchi Lake, water pollution, introduction of exotic fishes, excessive fishing and destruction of spawning habitat. Now only small numbers of the fish are seen in some deep pools in the east end of Dianchi (Wang 1998). Conservation action: No specific action has been taken, not IUCN listed. Conservation recommendation: Additional habitat studies are needed, with protective measures for the karst caves and deep pools. Fishing should also be banned. Studies of population size and structure, reproductive biology and life history are needed for effective management.