Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effects of α2-adrenoceptor antagonsist yohimbine on colonic motility and defecation. The effects of yohimbine (0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg) on colonic motility and defecation were studied in neurally intact dogs (N=6), dogs with extrinsic denervation of the ileocolon (N=4), and dogs with enterically isolated ileocolnic loops (N=5) equipped with strain gauge force transducers on the ileocolon. The effects of yohimbine on colonic motility and defecation were also studied in the presence of various antagonists (atropine, hexamethonium, ondansetron, FK224, and naloxone). Yohimbine evoked giant migrating contractions and defecation in a dose-independent manner in neurally intact dogs. These stimulatory effects of yohimbine were abolished by atropine and hexamethonium. In dogs with extrinsic denervation, yohimbine induced giant migrating contractions in the colon but did not stimulate defecation. In dogs with ileocolonic loops, yohimbine induced colonic motor complexes but not giant migrating contractions in the enterically isolated colon. These results indicate that α2-adrenoceptors in the peripheral nervous system regulate giant migrating contractions by controlling the release of acetylcholine, while those in the central nervous system must be important in the regulation of defecation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Goldberg MR, Robertson D (1983) Yohimbine. A pharmacological probe for study of the α2-adrenoceptor. Pharmacol Rev 35:143–180
Fargeas MJ, Fioramonti J, Bueno L (1986) Central alpha 2-adrenergic control of the pattern of small intestinal motility in rats. Gastroenterology 91:1470–1475
Doherty NS, Hancock AA (1983) Role of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the control of diarrhea and intestinal motility. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 225:269–274
Umezawa T, Guo S, Jiao Y, Hisamitsu T (2003) Effect of clonidine on colonic motility in rats. Auton Neurosci 107:32–36
Malcom A, Camilleri M (2000) Coloanal motor coordination in association with high-amplitude colonic contractions after phrmacological stimulation. Am J Gastroenterol 95:715–719
Briejer MR, Akkermans LM, Lefebvre RA, Schuurkes JA (1995) Novel 5-HT2-like receptor mediates neurogenic relaxation of the guinea-pig proximal colon. Eur J Pharmacol 279:123–133
Yoshida N, Ito T, Karasawa T, Itoh Z (1991) AS-4370, a new gastrokinetic agent enhances upper gastrointestinal motor activity in conscious dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 257:781–787
Sellers AF, Lowe JE, Cummings JF (1985) Trials of serotonin, substance P and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor effects on the equine large colon. Cornell Vet 75:319–323
Karaus M, Sarna SK (1987) Giant migrating contractions during defecation in the dog colon. Gastroenterology 92:925–933
Shibata C, Sasaki I, Matsuno S, Mizumoto A, Iwanaga Y, Itoh Z (1993) Characterization of colonic motor activity in conscious dogs. J Gastrointest Motil 5:9–16
Sarna SK, Condon R, Cowles V (1984) Colonic migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in dogs. Am J Physiol 246:G355–G360
Sarna SK (1992) Effect of fluid perfusion and cleansing on canine colonic motor activity. Am J Physiol 262:G62–G68
Nagakura Y, Kiso T, Miyata K, Ito H, Iwaoka K, Yamaguchi T (2002) The effect of the selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonist on ferret gut motility. Life Sci 71:1313–1319
Hou JY, Otterson MF, Sarna SK (1989) Local effect of substance P on colonic motor activity in different experimental states. Am J Physiol 256:G997–G1004
Fioramonti J, Fargeas MJ, Bueno L (1984) The involvement of opiate receptors in the effects of trimebutine on intestinal motility in the conscious dog. J Pharm Pharmacol 36:618–621
Gillis RA, Souza JD, Hicks KA, Mangel AW, Pagani FD, Hamilton BL, Garvey TQ3rd, Pace DG, Browne RK, Norman WP (1987) Inhibitory control of proximal colonic motility by the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Physiol 253:G531–G539
Shibata C, Sasaki I, Naito H, Tsuchiya T, Takahashi M, Ohtani N, Matsuno S (1995) Intragastric capsaicin stimulates colonic motility via a neural reflex in conscious dogs. Gastroenterology 109:1197–1205
Shibata C, Sasaki I, Naito H, Ueno T, Mastuno S (1999) Intragastric capsaicin stimulates motility of upper gut and proximal colon via distinct pathways in conscious dogs. Dig Dis Sci 44:1083–1089
Shibata C, Sasaki I, Matsuno S, Mizumoto A, Itoh Z (1991) Colonic motility in innervated and extrinsically denervated loop in dogs. Gastroenterology 101:1571–1578
Shibata C, Jin XL, Naito H, Matsuno S, Sasaki I (2002) Intraileal capsaicin inhibits gastrointestinal contractions via a neural reflex in conscious dogs. Gastroenterology 123:1904–1911
Wen J, Phillips SF, Sarr MG, Kost LJ, Holst JJ (1995) PYY and GLP-1 contribute to feedback inhibition from the canine ileum and colon. Am J Physiol 269:G945–G952
Sarr MG, Duenes JA, Tanaka M (1989) A model of jejunoileal in vivo neural isolation of the entire jejunoileum: transplantation and the effects on intestinal motility. J Surg Res 47:266–272
Baig MK, Wexner SD (2004) Postoperative ileus: a review. Dis Colon Rectum 47:516–526
Talley NJ (2004) Management of chronic constipation. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 4:18–24
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Michael G. Sarr, MD, Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota for reviewing this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nagao, M., Shibata, C., Funayama, Y. et al. Role of Alpha-2 Adrenoceptors in Regulation of Giant Migrating Contractions and Defecation in Conscious Dogs. Dig Dis Sci 52, 2204–2210 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9154-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9154-9