Ades, A., & Di Tella, R. (1999). Rents, Competition, and Corruption. American Economic Review, 89(4), 982–993. doi:10.1257/aer.89.4.982.
Article
Google Scholar
Ali, A. M., & Isse, H. S. (2003). Determinants of Economic Corruption: A Cross-Country Comparison. Cato Journal, 22(3), 449–466.
Google Scholar
Anderson, J. H., & Gray, C. W. (2006). Anticorruption in transition 3: Who is Succeeding… and Why?. World Bank Publications.
Andvig, J. C., Fjeldstad, O. H., Amundsen, I., & Søreide, T. (2000). Research on Corruption. A policy oriented survey. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute. Retrieved from http://www.icgg.org/downloads/contribution07_andvig.pdf.
Bauhr, M., & Grimes, M. (2014). Indignation or Resignation: The Implications of Transparency for Societal Accountability. Governance, 27(2), 291–320. doi:10.1111/gove.12033.
Article
Google Scholar
Besley, T. (2007). Principled agents?: The political economy of good government. The Lindahl lectures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Book
Google Scholar
Bovens, M. (2005). Public Accountability. In E. Ferlie, L. E. Lynn, & C. Pollitt (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of public management (pp. 182–208). Oxford: Oxford University Press (Oxford handbooks).
Google Scholar
Brewer, G. A., Choi, Y., & Walker, R. M. (2007). Accountability, corruption and government effectiveness in Asia: an exploration of World Bank governance indicators. International Public Management Review, 8(2), 204–225.
Google Scholar
Brown, D. S., Touchton, M., & Whitford, A. (2011). Political Polarization as a Constraint on Corruption: a Cross-national Comparison. World Development, 39(9), 1516–1529. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.02.006.
Article
Google Scholar
Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. (2003). A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7–8), 1801–1824. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00186-4.
Article
Google Scholar
Burdescu, R., Reid, G., Trapnell, S., Barnes, D., Kwapinski, M., & Berger, T. (2010). Salient Issues in Income and Asset Disclosure Systems : Lessons Learned from the Field in Preventing Conflict of Interest and Combating Illicit Enrichment. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11083.
Burdescu, R., Reid, G. J., Trapnell, S. E., & Barnes, D. W. (2010). Income and Asset Disclosure Systems: Establishing Good Governance through Accountability. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/10175.
Cameron, S. (2005). Econometrics. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education.
Google Scholar
Chang, E. C. C., & Golden, M. A. (2007). Electoral Systems, District Magnitude and Corruption. British Journal of Political Science, 37(01), 115–137. doi:10.1017/S0007123407000063.
Article
Google Scholar
de Sousa, L. (2010). anticorruption agencies: between empowerment and irrelevance. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(1), 5–22. doi:10.1007/s10611-009-9211-3.
Article
Google Scholar
DeMars, C. (2010). Item response theory. Series in understanding statistics. Measurement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Book
Google Scholar
Demmke, C., Bovens, M., Henökl, T., Moilanen, T. (2008). Regulating conflicts of interest for holders of public office in the European Union: A comparative study of the rules and standards of professional ethics for the holders of public office in the EU-27 and EU institutions. Maastricht: European Institute of Public Administration. Retrieved from http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/regulating-conflicts-of-interest-for-holders-of-public-office-in-the-european-union-pbQX3008703/.
Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2010). Disclosure by Politicians. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(2), 179–209. doi:10.1257/app.2.2.179.
Google Scholar
Elbahnasawy, N. G., & Revier, C. F. (2012). The Determinants of Corruption: Cross-Country-Panel-Data Analysis. The Developing Economies, 50(4), 311–333. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2012.00177.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 69(2), 393–414. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)01658-M.
Article
Google Scholar
Greene, W. H. (2000). Econometric analysis. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Google Scholar
Gurgur, T., & Shah, A. (2014). Localization and Corruption: Panacea or Pandoras Box? Annals of Economics and Finance, 15(1), 109–136.
Google Scholar
Hadenius, A., Teorell, J. (2005). Assessing alternative indices of democracy (Committee on Concepts and Methods Working Paper Series). Mexico City: International political science association. Retrieved from http://www.concepts-methods.org/Files/WorkingPaper/PC%206%20Hadenius%20Teorell.pdf.
Hadenius, A., & Teorell, J. (2007). Pathways from Authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy, 18(1), 143–157. doi:10.1353/jod.2007.0009.
Article
Google Scholar
Hanna, R., Bishop, S., Nadel, S., Scheffler, G, Durlacher, K. (2011). The effectiveness of anticorruption policy: what has worked, what hasn’t, and what we don’t know: a systematic review. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London. Retrieved from http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/the-effectiveness-of-anticorruption-policy-what-has-worked-what-hasn-t-and-what-we-don-t-know-a-systematic-review/.
Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251–1271.
Article
Google Scholar
Herzfeld, T., & Weiss, C. (2003). Corruption and legal (in) effectiveness: an empirical investigation. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 621–632. doi:10.1016/S0176-2680(03)00018-1.
Article
Google Scholar
Islam, R. (2006). Does more Transparency go Along with Better Governance? Economics and Politics, 18(2), 121–167. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.2006.00166.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Johnsøn, J., Taxell, N., & Zaum, D. (2012). Mapping evidence gaps in anticorruption: Assessing the state of the operationally relevant evidence on donors’ actions and approaches to reducing corruption. (U4 Issue No. 7): Chr. Michelsen Institute. Retrieved from http://www.u4.no/publications/mapping-evidence-gaps-in-anticorruption-assessing-the-state-of-the-operationally-relevant-evidence-on-donors-actions-and-approaches-to-reducing-corruption/.
Kaufmann, D. (1997). Corruption: the facts. Foreign Policy, 107, 114–131. doi:10.2307/1149337.
Article
Google Scholar
Kaufmann, D., Mehrez, G., & Gurgur, T. (2002). Voice or Public Sector Management? An Empirical Investigation of Determinants of Public Sector Performance based on a Survey of Public Officials. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.316865.
Google Scholar
Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., Mastruzzi, M., Growth, W., & Institute, W. B. (2006). Governance Matters V: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators for 1996–2005. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/1740479-1150402582357/2661829-1158008871017/gov_matters_5_no_annex.pdf.
Klitgaard, R. E. (1988). Controlling corruption. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Google Scholar
Kunicová, J., & Rose-Ackerman, S. (2005). Electoral Rules and Constitutional Structures as Constraints on Corruption. British Journal of Political Science, 35(04), 573–606. doi:10.1017/S0007123405000311.
Article
Google Scholar
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1999). The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15(1), 222–279. doi:10.1093/jleo/15.1.222.
Article
Google Scholar
Lambsdorff, J. (2005). Consequences and causes of corruption: What do we know from a cross-section of countries? (No. 05). Passauer Diskussionspapiere: Volkswirtschaftliche Reihe, 34. Retrieved from http://www.wiwi.uni-passau.de/fileadmin/dokumente/lehrstuehle/lambsdorff/downloads/Corr_Review.pdf.
Langbein, L., & Knack, S. (2010). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Six, One, or None? Journal of Development Studies, 46(2), 350–370. doi:10.1080/00220380902952399.
Article
Google Scholar
Ledeneva, A. V. (2013). A critique of the global corruption paradigm. In J. Kubik & A. Lynch (Eds.), Postcommunism from within. Social justice, mobilization, and hegemony (pp. 296–332). New York: New York University Press.
Google Scholar
Lederman, D., Loayza, N. V., & Soares, R. R. (2005). Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter. Economics and Politics, 17(1), 1–35. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.2005.00145.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Leite, C. A., & Weidmann, J. (1999). Does mother nature corrupt? Natural resources, corruption, and economic growth: IMF working Paper No. 99/85. Retrieved from Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth.
Lipset, S. M. (1963). Political man: The social bases of politics. London: Mercury books.
Google Scholar
Messick, R. (2009). Income and asset declarations: Issues to consider in developing a disclosure regime (U4 Issue): Chr. Michelsen Institute, 6. Retrieved from http://www.u4.no/publications/income-and-assets-declarations-issues-to-consider-in-developing-a-disclosure-regime/
Mukherjee, R., Gokcekus, O. (2006). Officials’ asset declaration laws: do they prevent corruption? Global corruption report 2006. Ed. Robin Hodess and Toby Wolfe., 2006. 325–328. Retrived from: http://works.bepress.com/omer_gokcekus/36.
Mungiu-Pippidi, A. et al. (2011). Contextual choices in fighting corruption: Lessons learned: Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), Report 4/2011. Retrieved from http://www.againstcorruption.eu/reports/contextual-choices-in-fighting-corruption-lessons-learned/.
Mungiu-Pippidi, A., Martínez, R., Kukutschka, B., Dadasov, R. (2014). Quantitative report on causes of performance and stagnation in the global fight against corruption. Retrieved from http://anticorrp.eu/publications/quantitative-report-on-causes/.
OECD. (2011). Asset declarations for public officials: A tool to prevent corruption (Fighting corruption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia). Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from www.oecd.org/corruption/antibribery/47489446.pdf.
Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2012). The effect of foreign aid on corruption: a quantile regression approach. Economics Letters, 115(2), 240–243. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.051.
Article
Google Scholar
Paldam, M. (2002). The cross-country pattern of corruption: economics, culture and the seesaw dynamics. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(2), 215–240. doi:10.1016/S0176-2680(02)00078-2.
Article
Google Scholar
Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2013). Why Anticorruption Reforms Fail-Systemic Corruption as a Collective Action Problem. Governance, 26(3), 449–471. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01604.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Reid, G. J. (2009). Actionable Governance Indicators: Concepts and Measurements. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/Resources/286304-1235411288968/AGIConceptsMeasurement.pdf.
Rose-Ackerman, S. (1999). Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Book
Google Scholar
Rothstein, B. (2011). anticorruption: the indirect ‘big bang’ approach. Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), 228–250. doi:10.1080/09692291003607834.
Article
Google Scholar
Rousso, A., & Steves, F. (2007). The effectiveness of anticorruption programs: preliminary evidence from the post-communist transition countries. In: Rose-Ackerman, S. (Eds.). International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 247–277). Cheltenham: Edward ElgarSeldadyo, H., de Haan, J. (2006). The Determinants of Corruption: A Literature Survey and New Evidence. Turku: Paper Prepared for the 2006 EPCS Conference, Turku, Finland, 20–23 April 2006. Retrieved from http://www.congress.utu.fi/epcs2006/docs/D1_seldadyo.pdf.
Seldadyo, H., & de Hann, J. (2006). The determinants of corruption: a literature survey and new evidence. Paper prepared for the 2006 EPCS Conference, Turku, Finland. Retrieved from: http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/gov2126/files/seldadyo_determinants_corruption.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2016.
Tavares, J. (2003). Does foreign aid corrupt? Economics Letters, 79(1), 99–106. doi:10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00293-8.
Article
Google Scholar
Tavares, S. (2007). Do Freedom of Information Laws Decrease Corruption? Rochester Institute of technology. MPRA Paper No. 3560. Retrieved from http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3560/.
Treisman, D. (2000). The Causes of Corruption: a Cross-National Study. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 399–457. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00092-4.
Article
Google Scholar
Ugur M., Dasgupta N. (2011). Evidence on the economic growth impacts of corruption in low-income countries and beyond: a systematic review. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London. Retrieved from http://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/cms/Default.aspx?tabid=3108.
Vickerman, R. (2009). Financial disclosure in three African countries: All bark and little bite. African Security Review, 18(3), 80–87. doi:10.1080/10246029.2009.9627545.
Article
Google Scholar
Wooldridge, J. M. (2002). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Google Scholar
World Bank. (2012). Public Office, Private Interests: Accountability through Income and Asset Disclosure. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Retrieved from https://star.worldbank.org/star/publication/public-office-private-interests.
World Bank. (2013a). Income and Asset Disclosure: Case Study Illustrations. Directions in Development. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Retrieved from doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9796-1.
World Bank. (2013b). Public Accountability Mechanism (PAM) Initiative. Methodology Paper (World Bank Governance and Public Sector Group). Washington D.C.: World Bank. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/Resources/285741-1343934891414/8787489-1361546839123/PAMmethodology_25Feb2013.pdf.
World Bank. (2013c). Financial Disclosure Systems. Declarations of Interests, Income, and Assets. A Background Primer (World Bank Public Sector and Governance Group). Washington D.C.: World Bank. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PUBLICSECTORANDGOVERNANCE/Resources/285741-1343934891414/8787489-1361546839123/PAMmethodology_25Feb2013.pdf.