Abstract
Remitted bipolar patients were compared to remitted unipolar patients and healthy controls on a self concept task assessing degree of self-compartmentalization (clustering of self-aspects based on valence) and self-complexity (the degree of relatedness versus differentiation across self-aspects). Similar to the findings of Taylor et al. (Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(1), 83-96, 2007) the bipolar and unipolar groups showed higher levels of self compartmentalization than healthy controls. No differences were found on the self complexity measure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
When the proportion of negative traits was included in the analysis as a covariant, the difference between the groups was weakened F(3,75) = 2.32, P = .106.
References
Ashworth, C., Blackburn, I., & McPherson, F. (1985). The performance of depressed and manic patients on some repertory grid measures: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 58(4), 337–342.
Bower, G. H. (1970). Organizational factors in memory. Cognitive Psychology, 1(1), 8–46.
Carver, C., & Scheier, M. (1981). Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior. New York: Springer.
Cramer, H. (1974). Mathematical methods of statistics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Donahue, E. M., Robins, R. W., Roberts, B. W., & John, O. P. (1993). The divided self: Concurrent and longitudinal effects of psychological adjustment and social roles on self-concept differentiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(5), 834–846.
Epstein S (1980) The self-concept: A review and the proposal of an integrated theory of personality. Personality: Basic aspects and current research 81–132.
Gara, M. A., Woolfolk, R. L., Cohen, B. D., Goldston, R. B., Allen, L. A., & Novalany, J. (1993). Perception of self and other in major depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(1), 93–100.
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery Psychiatry, 23(1), 56–62.
Hollon, S. D., Kendall, P. C., & Lumry, A. (1986). Specificity of depressotypic cognitions in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 52–59.
Jones, L., Scott, J., Haque, S., Gordon-Smith, K., Heron, J., Caesar, S., et al. (2005). Cognitive style in bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(5), 431–437.
Lam, D. H., Wright, K., & Smith, N. (2004). Dysfunctional assumptions in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 79(1–3), 193–199.
Linville, P. W. (1985). Self-complexity and affective extremity: Don’t put all of your eggs in one cognitive basket. Social Cognition, 3(1), 94–120.
Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(2), 63–78.
Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954–969.
Markus, H., & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 299–337.
Newman, C. F., Leahy, R. L., Beck, A. T., Reilly-Harrington, N., & Gyulai, L. (2002). Bipolar disorder: A cognitive therapy approach. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Power, M., de Jong, F., & Lloyd, A. (2002). The organization of the self-concept in bipolar disorders: An empirical study and replication. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), 553–561.
Rafaeli-Mor, E., & Steinberg, J. (2002). Self-complexity and well-being: A review and research synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 31–58.
Rafaeli-Mor, E., Gotlib, I. H., & Revelle, W. (1999). The meaning and measurement of self-complexity. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(2), 341–356.
Scott, J., & Pope, M. (2003). Cognitive styles in individuals with bipolar disorders. Psychological Medicine, 33(6), 1081–1088.
Sheehan, D., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Keskiner, A., et al. (1997). The validity of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. European Psychiatry, 12(5), 232–241.
Showers, C. (1992a). Compartmentalization of positive and negative self-knowledge: Keeping bad apples out of the bunch. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(6), 1036–1049.
Showers, C. (1992b). Evaluatively integrative thinking about characteristics of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(6), 719–729.
Showers, C., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2007). Compartmentalization and integration: The evaluative organization of contextualized selves. Journal of Personality, 75(6), 1181–1204.
Showers, C., Abramson, L., & Hogan, M. (1998). The dynamic self: How the content and structure of the self concept change with mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 478–493.
Taylor, J. L., Morley, S., & Barton, S. B. (2007). Self-organization in bipolar disorder: Compartmentalization and self-complexity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(1), 83–96.
Young, R., Biggs, J., Ziegler, V., & Meyer, D. (1978). A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity and sensitivity. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 133(5), 429.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alatiq, Y., Crane, C., Williams, J.M.G. et al. Self-Organization in Bipolar Disorder: Replication of Compartmentalization and Self-Complexity. Cogn Ther Res 34, 479–486 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-010-9315-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-010-9315-1