Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Interplay of Self-efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Patients in Pakistan

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Community Mental Health Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The primary objective of the present study was to assess independent and interactive relations of perceived social support and self-efficacy with four quality of life (QOL) domains namely physical, psychological, social, and environmental in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients from a South Asian region. Participants were 172 (age 22–60 years) patients recruited from three major government sector hospitals from the fifth biggest city of South Asia. It was found that overall CVD patients had a better QOL in psychological and environmental domains compared to social and psychological. Furthermore, findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived social support and self-efficacy were positively associated with the four QOL domains. Besides main effects, a synergistic interaction between social support and self-efficacy emerged indicating that perceived social support was strongly associated with physical and social QOL in CVD patients who had higher self-efficacy levels, while, perceived social support was weakly associated with the physical and social QOL in CVD patients who had lower self-efficacy levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. (2013). Guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

  • Arnold, R., Ranchor, A. V., DeJongste, M. J., Koeter, G. H., Ten Hacken, N. H., Aalbers, R., et al. (2005). The relationship between self-efficacy and self-reported physical functioning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure. Behavioral Medicine, 31, 107–115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (2000). Health promotion from the perspective of social cognitive theory. In P. Norman, C. A. Abraham, & M. Conner (Eds.), Understanding and changing health behavior: From health belief to self-regulation (pp. 299–339). Amsterdam: Harwood Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education and Behavior, 31, 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104263660.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barbareschi, G., Sanderman, R., Leegte, I. L., Van Veldhuisen, D. J., & Jaarsma, T. (2011). Educational level and the quality of life of heart failure patients: A longitudinal study. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 17(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.08.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bosworth, H. B., Siegler, I. C., Olsen, M. K., Brummet, B. H., Barefoot, J. C., Williams, N. E., et al. (2000). Social support and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Quality of Life Research, 9, 829–839.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brawley, L. R., Rejeski, W. J., & Lutes, L. (2000). A group-mediated cognitive-behavioral intervention for increasing adherence to physical activity in older adults. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 5(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2000.tb00063.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brink, E. (2009). Adaptation positions and behaviour among post-myocardial infarction patients. Clinical Nursing Research, 18, 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773809332326.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckworth, J., & Dishman, R. K. (2002). Exercise psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Kaplan, J. R., & &Manuck, S. B. (1994). Social support and coronary heart disease: Underlying psychological and biological mechanisms. In S. A. Shumaker & S. M. Czajkowski (Eds.), Social support and cardiovascular disease (pp. 195–221). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Compare, A., Zarbo, C., Manzoni, G. M., Castelnuovo, G., Baldassari, E., Bonardi, A., … Romagnoni, C. (2013). Social support, depression, and heart disease: A ten year literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 384. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00384.

  • Dishman, R. K., Saunders, R. P., Motl, R. W., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R. (2009). Self-efficacy moderates the relation between declines in physical activity and perceived social support in high school girls. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(4), 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsn100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dracup, K., Walden, J. A., Stevenson, L. W., & Bracht, M. L. (1992). Quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplant, 11, 273–279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duenas, M., Ramirez, C., Arana, R., & Failde, I. (2011). Gender differences and determinants of health related quality of life in coronary patients: A follow-up study. BioMed Central Journal of Cardiovascular Disorders, 11, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2261-11-24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleck, M., Louzada, S., Xavier, M., Chachamovich, E., Vieira, G., Santos, L., & Pinzon, V. (2000). Application of the Portuguese version of the abbreviated instrument of quality life WHOQOL-BREF. Revista de Saude Publica, 34, 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102000000200012.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallant, M. P. (2003). The influence of social support on chronic illness self-management: A review and directions for research. Health, Education & Behavior, 30, 170–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198102251030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaziano, T., Reddy, S., Paccaud, F., Horton, S., & Chaturvedi, V. (2006). Cardiovascular disease. In D. T. Jamison, J. G. Breman, A. R. Measham et al. (Eds.), Disease control priorities in developing countries (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goble, A. J., & Worcester, M. U. (1999). Best practice guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention (1st ed.). Victoria: Department of Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, I. (2007). European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Executive summary. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. European Heart Journal, 28(19), 2375–2414. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, K., Warner, L. M., & Schwarzer, R. (2017).The role of self-efficacy and friend support on adolescent vigorous physical activity. Health, Education & Behavior, 44(1), 175–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198116648266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, B. E., Linden, W., & Najarian, B. (2002). Social support interventions. Do they work? Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 381–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00102-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jibeen, T., & Khalid, R. (2010). Development and preliminary validation of Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale for Pakistani immigrants in Toronto, Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(3), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.09.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joekes, K., Elderen, J., Schreurs, T. V., K (2007). Self-efficacy and self protection are related to quality of life, psychological well-being and self-management in cardiac patients. Journalof Health Psychology, 112(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105306069096.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, P., Agnebrink, M., Dahlstrom, U., & Brostrom, A. (2004). Measurement of health-related quality of life in chronic heart failure, from a nursing perspective—A review of the literature. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 3(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2003.09.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jose, P. E. (2013). ModGraph-I: A programme to compute cell means for the graphical display of moderational analyses: The internet version, Version 3.0. New Zealand: Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://pavlov.psyc.vuw.ac.nz/paul-jose/modgraph/.

  • Khan, M. N., Akhter, M. S., Ayub, M., Alam, S., & Laghari, N. U. (2003). Translation and validation of quality of life scale, the brief version. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons—Pakistan, 13(2), 98–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kulik, J. A., & Mahler, H. I. M. (1993). Emotional support as a moderator of adjustment and compliance after coronary bypass surgery: A longitudinal study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00844754.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lett, H. S., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Strauman, T. J., Robins, C., & Sherwood, A. (2005). Social support and coronary heart disease: Epidemiologic evidence and implications for treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(6), 869–878.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malik, S., & Afzal, N. (2015). Predictors of quality of life and resilience among outpatients with heart diseases. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society, 12(3), 31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martiniuk, A. L., Lee, C. M., Lawes, C. M., Ueshima, H., Suh, I., Lam, T. H., et al. (2007). Hypertension: Its prevalence and population attributable fraction for mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of Hypertension, 25, 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328010775f.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molloy, G. J., Hamer, M., Randall, G., & Chida, Y. (2008). Marital status and cardiac rehabilitation attendance: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 15(5), 557–561. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e3283063929.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molloy, G. J., Perkins-Porras, L., Strike, P. C., & Steptoe, A. (2008). Social networks and partner stress as predictors of adherence to medication, rehabilitation attendance, and quality of life following acute coronary syndrome. Health Psychology, 27(1), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murberg, T. A., & Bru, E. (2001). Social relationships and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 51(3), 521–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00226-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orth-Gomer, K. (2000). Stress and social support in relation to cardiovascular health. In P. M. McGabe, N. Schneiderman, T. Field, & A. R. Wellens (Eds.), Stress, coping andcardiovascular disease (pp. 229–240). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. (1998). Census report of Pakistan. Tech. Rep. No. 160. Islamabad: Population Census Organization Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan.

  • Pillai, H. S., & Ganapathi, S. (2013). Heart failure in South Asia. Current Cardiovascular Review, 9(2), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X11309020003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajati, F., Sadeghi, M., Feizi, A., Sharifirad, G., Hasandokht, T., & Mostafavi, F. (2014). Self-efficacy strategies to improve exercise in patients with heart failure: A systematic review. ARYA Atherosclerosis, 10(6), 319–333.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reblin, M., & Uchino, B. N. (2008). Social and emotional support and its implication for health. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21(2), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3282f3ad89.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rook, K. S. (1984). Promoting social bonding: Strategies for helping the lonely and socially isolated. American Psychologist, 39, 1389–1407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.12.1389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, U., Ali, S., & &Whooley, M. A. (2007). Self-efficacy and health status in patients with coronary heart disease: Findings from the heart and soul study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180514d57.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). Windsor: NFER-NELSON.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabassum, U., Rehman, G., Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (2003). Urdu adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Retrieved from http://userpage.fuberlin.de/~health/urdu.htm.

  • The World Health Organization. (2002). Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: World Health Report. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.16.1974.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Veenstra, M., Pettersen, K. I., Rollag, A., & Stavem, K. (2004). Association of changes in health-related quality of life in coronary heart disease with coronary procedures and sociodemographic characteristics. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-2-56.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, L. M., Ziegelmann, J. P., Schüz, B., Wurm, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2011). Synergistic effect of social support and self-efficacy on physical exercise in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 19(3), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.19.3.249.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. B., Barefoot, J. C., Califf, R. M., Haney, T. L., Saunders, W. B., Pryor, D. B., … Mark, D. B. (1992). Prognostic importance of social and economic resources among medically treated patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. The Journal of American Medical association, 267(4), 520–524. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480040068032.

  • Woodgate, J., Brawley, L. R., & Shields, C. A. (2007). Social support in cardiac rehabilitation exercise maintenance: Associations with self-efficacy and health-related quality of life. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(5), 1041–1059. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00198.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Shameem Fatima

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

    Tahira Jibeen

Authors
  1. Shameem Fatima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tahira Jibeen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shameem Fatima.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fatima, S., Jibeen, T. Interplay of Self-efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Patients in Pakistan. Community Ment Health J 55, 855–864 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0361-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0361-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation