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Conservation in the face of hybridisation: genome-wide study to evaluate taxonomic delimitation and conservation status of a threatened orchid species

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Abstract

This study assessed inter- and intraspecific relationships and genetic structure in an Australian species complex in the helmet orchids (Corybas) to clarify the taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened species Corybas dowlingii, a narrow endemic from southeast Australia. Taxonomic delimitation between the three closely related species C. aconitiflorus, C. barbarae, and C. dowlingii has been mainly based on floral traits which exhibit varying degrees of overlap, rendering species delimitation in the complex difficult. Genome-wide data for the species complex was generated using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. Phylogenomic, genetic network and genetic structure analysis were carried out as well as co-ancestry analysis and hybridisation detection analysis. The ddRADseq results exhibited fine scale genetic structure within the C. acotiniflorus complex and provided evidence for hybridisation and introgression within the complex, resulting in blurred taxonomic boundaries between the three species. Implications of the results for conservation management in the face of hybridisation are discussed.

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Data availability

Sequence data (raw and processed data files) were deposited in the CSIRO Data Access Portal (https://doi.org/10.25919/5vyn-mh60). under the Creative Commons Attribution-Licence 4.0 for non-commercial use.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Office of Environment and Heritage (Dept. of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia) for financial support of the study and for granting of collection permits (NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service Scientific Licence SL100750 and Forest NSW Special Purpose Permit for Research XX51121). We acknowledge the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for a travel scholarship to Natascha Wagner. We thank R. Autin, C. Broadfield, J. Cootes, I. Hutton, W. Probert, J. Moye, J. Riley, A. Stephenson, R. Thomson and J. Turner for contributing plant material to the study. The authors acknowledge the use of lab services and sequencing facilities of the Australian Genomic Research Facility (AGRF). We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Office of Environment and Heritage (Dept. of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, GPO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia

    Natascha D. Wagner, Lalita Simpson & Katharina Nargar

  2. Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Natascha D. Wagner

  3. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Mark A. Clements

  4. Australian National Botanic Gardens, GPO Box 1777, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Mark A. Clements

  5. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia

    Lalita Simpson

  6. National Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organisation (CSIRO), GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Katharina Nargar

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  1. Natascha D. Wagner
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KN and MC conceived and designed the study; LS undertook lab work and contributed to data analysis, NW carried out data analysis; all authors contributed to data interpretation and writing/revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Katharina Nargar.

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Wagner, N.D., Clements, M.A., Simpson, L. et al. Conservation in the face of hybridisation: genome-wide study to evaluate taxonomic delimitation and conservation status of a threatened orchid species. Conserv Genet 22, 151–168 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01325-y

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