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Genetic structure of a disjunct peripheral population of mountain sucker Pantosteus jordani in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA

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Abstract

A peripheral population of mountain sucker, Pantosteus jordani, located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA, represents the eastern-most range of the species and is completely isolated from other populations. Over the last 50 years, mountain sucker populations have declined in the Black Hills, and now only occur in 40 % of the historic local range, with densities decreasing by more than 84 %.We used microsatellite DNA markers to estimate genetic diversity and to assess population structure across five streams where mountain suckers persist. We evaluated results in the context of recent ecological surveys to inform decisions about mountain sucker conservation. Significant allele frequency differences existed among sample streams (Global FST = 0.041) but there was no evidence of isolation by distance. Regionally, genetic effective size, Ne, was estimated to be at least 338 breeding individuals, but Ne within streams was expected to be less. Despite almost complete demographic isolation and reduced population size, there appears to be little evidence of inbreeding, but genetic drift and local isolation due to fragmentation probably best explains genetic structure in this peripheral mountain sucker population. Recommended strategies for population enhancement include restoration of stream connectivity and habitat improvement. Moreover, repatriation and assisted movement (i.e., gene flow) of fishes should maximize genetic diversity in stream fragments in the Black Hills region.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks through State Wildlife Grant T2-2-R to K. Bertrand in the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University. Additional funding for salary (E. Felts and K. Bertrand) and supplies was provided by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station through Hatch Award H300-09 to K. Bertrand. We thank B. Sloss and K. Turnquist for assistance with laboratory extraction of genomic DNA from tissue samples. We thank Jerry Wilhite, Sarah Lewis, and Megan Leonard for assistance in collecting samples from the field, and we thank Luke Schultz for assistance in site selection. Technical support for microsatellite analysis was provided by the Molecular Biology Facility at the University of New Mexico, which is supported by NIH grant number P20GM103542.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, SNP138, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA

    Katie N. Bertrand & Eli A. Felts

  2. College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, WI, 54481, USA

    Justin A. VanDeHey

  3. Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Tyler J. Pilger & Thomas F. Turner

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  1. Katie N. Bertrand
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Correspondence to Katie N. Bertrand.

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Bertrand, K.N., VanDeHey, J.A., Pilger, T.J. et al. Genetic structure of a disjunct peripheral population of mountain sucker Pantosteus jordani in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. Conserv Genet 17, 775–784 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0820-y

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