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Genetic differentiation over a short water barrier in the Brazilian tanager, Ramphocelus bresilius (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) an endemic species of the Atlantic forest, Brazil

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Abstract

Atlantic forest is a biome of high diversity that is increasingly under threat from habitat clearance. This habitat contains a large number of endemic species, many of which are currently endangered. Here, we consider the genetic population structure of a Brazilian endemic bird restricted to Atlantic forest, the Brazilian tanager, Ramphocelus bresilius. While currently not threatened, this narrow range endemic faces future habitat reductions, potentially serving as a model species for other birds reliant on this biome. We sampled six populations, three on the mainland (Rio de Janeiro state), and three on a neighbouring continental island (Ilha Grande), to compare the genetic diversity and population structure in these two regions. Using microsatellite data from eight loci generated for 177 individuals, we found that the short ocean crossing significantly restricted gene flow (20–150 km between populations, FCT = 0.057 P < 0.001). Structure analyses, partial Mantel tests and AMOVA all demonstrated a significant split into two groups separated by the ocean. This result was unexpected as the ocean barrier was only 2 km. While island populations were isolated from the mainland, their levels of genetic diversity were similar (AR 4.04 vs 4.59). This represents the first genetic study of an Atlantic forest species, contrasting mainland and populations from the island reserve, Ilha Grande. Similar levels of genetic diversity support the importance of this reserve in the conservation of Atlantic forest species, however the potentially limited exchange by bird species should be taken into account in future conservation planning.

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Acknowledgments

The genetic work was performed at the Molecular Ecology Laboratory at the University of Sheffield, UK, while D.M. Nogueira was doing part of her Ph. D. with sandwich Brazilian fellowship (CNPq process 200593/01-3). We thank Andy Krupa and Kirsten Erven for lab assistance. We also thank members of Bird Ecology Laboratory at University of Rio de Janeiro State (UERJ), Brazil, particularly Alline Storni. Angelo Marzano and Elmiro Mendonça helped with field work. Christiano Pinheiro for the map edition. Deborah Dawson and Alain C Frantz kindly reviewed an earlier draft of the manuscript and microsatellite data analysis. UERJ/SR-2/CEADS and Norma Crud Maciel helped with logistic assistance and permits at Ilha Grande. Permits were obtained from Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Resources/IBAMA no. 033/2001-DIFAS-DIREC, 131/2003-CGFAU/LIC and CEMAVE/IBAMA no. 444. This work was supported by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level -or Education- Personnel (CAPES), National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) and Idea Wild for donating field work equipment. M.A.S. Alves received a Research Grant from CNPq (Proc. 308792/2009-2) and also from FAPERJ (process E-26/102.837/2012).

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  1. Denise M. Nogueira

    Present address: Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Denise M. Nogueira

  2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Lisa C. Pope

  3. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK

    Terry Burke

  4. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-011, Brazil

    Maria Alice S. Alves

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Nogueira, D.M., Pope, L.C., Burke, T. et al. Genetic differentiation over a short water barrier in the Brazilian tanager, Ramphocelus bresilius (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) an endemic species of the Atlantic forest, Brazil. Conserv Genet 15, 1151–1162 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0607-y

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