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Eradicating multiple invasive species on inhabited islands: the next big step in island restoration?

  • Perpectives and Paradigms
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Abstract

Invasive species are the greatest threat to island ecosystems, which harbour nearly half the world’s endangered biodiversity. However, eradication is more feasible on islands than on continents. We present a global analysis of 1,224 successful eradications of invasive plants and animals on 808 islands. Most involve single vertebrate species on uninhabited islands, but plant and invertebrate eradications occur more often on inhabited islands. Inhabited islands are often highly modified and support numerous introduced species. Consequently, targeting a single invasive species can be ineffective or counterproductive. The impacts of other pests will continue and, in some cases, be exacerbated. The presence of people also creates regulatory, logistical and socio-political constraints. Real or perceived health risks to inhabitants, pets and livestock may restrict the use of some eradication tools, and communities or individuals sometimes oppose eradication. Despite such challenges, managing invasive species is vital to conserve and restore the unique biodiversity of many inhabited islands, and to maintain or improve the welfare and livelihoods of island residents. We present a brief case study of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile, and discuss the feasibility of eradicating large suites of invasive plants and animals from inhabited islands while managing other invaders for which eradication is not feasible or desirable. Eradications must be planned to account for species interactions. Monitoring and contingency plans must detect and address any ‘surprise effects’. Above all, it is important that the local community derives social, cultural and/or economic benefits, and that people support and are engaged in the restoration effort.

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Acknowledgments

This review was supported by Landcare Research Capability Funding to A. Glen. The case study is based on work commissioned and funded by Island Conservation. Sincere thanks to the people of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, and in particular to the staff of the Corporación Nacional Forestal, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, and Municipalidad de Juan Fernández. We thank C. West, D. Havell and C. Rehkemper for updating us on the status of eradication efforts, and P. Cowan, L. McNamara, C. Bezar, J. Russell and two anonymous referees for helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand

    Alistair S. Glen & John P. Parkes

  2. Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador

    Rachel Atkinson

  3. Island Conservation, Las Urbinas 53, Oficina 42, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

    Karl J. Campbell & Erin Hagen

  4. School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia

    Karl J. Campbell

  5. Island Conservation, Center for Ocean Health, University of California, 100 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA

    Nick D. Holmes & Bradford S. Keitt

  6. Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand

    Alan Saunders

  7. Auckland Council, Private Bag 92300, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    John Sawyer

  8. Torres Asociados Limitada, Fidel Oteiza 1941, Oficina 306, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

    Hernán Torres

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  1. Alistair S. Glen
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Correspondence to Alistair S. Glen.

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Glen, A.S., Atkinson, R., Campbell, K.J. et al. Eradicating multiple invasive species on inhabited islands: the next big step in island restoration?. Biol Invasions 15, 2589–2603 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0495-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0495-y

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