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Spatial aspects of movements, mating patterns, and nest distributions influence gene flow among population subunits of Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii)

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Abstract

The core habitats of semi-aquatic organisms are centered on wetlands, but also include terrestrial habitats. Patterns of movements among core area components can influence rates of genetic and demographic exchange among populations. A combination of 33 years of data on the life history and spatial biology of Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) on the E. S. George Reserve (ESGR) and 8 years of genetic data (N = 244 adults and 611 offspring) were used to document resident wetlands, identify mating pairs, and estimate cohort levels of coancestry and degree of spatial genetic structuring. For ESGR resident females, 34 % of clutches were sired by non-resident males, whereas 56 % of clutches of non-resident females that nested on the ESGR were sired by ESGR resident males. The mean number of mates for males and females was 1.6 (SD = 0.67) and 2.02 (SD = 1.05), respectively, and the annual occurrence of multiple paternity averaged 47.6 % (min–max = 15.4–55.6 %, N = 8). Repeat paternity was common (69.6 %), regardless of residence of parents. The probability of adults mating with individuals from different residence wetlands and tendencies for hatchlings to disperse to wetlands other than their mother’s residence contributed to demographic and genetic connectivity among residence wetlands. Similar allele frequencies among individuals from different residence wetlands (Fst = 0.002, P > 0.05) were consistent with the frequency and geographic extent of adult and juvenile movements. Data on mating patterns, individual movements, and core-habitat use helped identify mechanisms that influence genetic structuring within a population comprised of multiple sub-units.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Museum of Zoology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department at the University of Michigan for administering and maintaining the ESGR as a world-class research area. We thank the long-term field crew R. Nagle, O. Kinney, R. van Loben Sels, T. Quinter, and H. Avery for improvements to all aspects of the study. Special thanks to Cece Fabbro for emergency help processing hatchlings and spirited conversations. The laboratory portion of the study was assisted greatly by S. Libants, K. Bennett, and R. Komosinski. Improvements of earlier drafts of the manuscript are the results of comments from N. Dickson, K. Holekamp, R. van Loben Sels, D. Schemske, A. McAdam, and members of the Scribner lab and from reviews and comments from D. Pearse and other anonymous reviewers. Research for this paper was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-74-070631, DEB-79-06301, and BSR-90-19771) to JDC, the US Department of Energy Financial Assistant Award (DE-FC09-96SR18546 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation). Additional support was provided by N. Dickson, J. Congdon, the Fabbro family, and M. Tinkle. Research and manuscript preparation were aided by the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department (J.M.), Michigan State University College of Natural Science (J.M.), Michigan State University Department of Zoology (J.M.), Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife (K.S.), and the Michigan Agricultural Experimental Station (K.S.).

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  1. Justin D. Congdon

    Present address: , Bar Boot Ranch, Box 1128, Douglas, AZ, 85608, USA

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  1. Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, 203 Natural Science Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Jeanette M. McGuire & Kim T. Scribner

  2. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Jeanette M. McGuire & Kim T. Scribner

  3. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA

    Justin D. Congdon

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McGuire, J.M., Scribner, K.T. & Congdon, J.D. Spatial aspects of movements, mating patterns, and nest distributions influence gene flow among population subunits of Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). Conserv Genet 14, 1029–1042 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0493-8

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