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Population genetic structure in a threatened tree, Pyrus calleryana var. dimorphophylla revealed by chloroplast DNA and nuclear SSR locus polymorphisms

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Abstract

Pyrus calleryana var. dimorphophylla, a variety of Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana), is endemic to the Tokai district of central Japan, and is currently listed as “Endangered”. The remnant habitats and trees are of limited number, and highly fragmented. As the first step in determining appropriate conservation units, genetic diversity and differentiation in this species were investigated using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms. All possible remnant trees were genotyped, then six populations were defined based on the results of cpDNA haplotype determination and Bayesian clustering approaches performed using the SSR locus data. Some trees appeared to originate from artificial propagation. Some individuals were difficult to differentiate genetically from the related species, Pyrus × uyematsuana, which is considered to be a hybrid between P. calleryana var. dimorphophylla and a possibly naturalized species, Pyrus pyrifolia, implying that introgression between these species may have occurred. In P. calleryana var. dimorphophylla, anthropogenic factors such as propagation and related species planting are probably major causes of complexity in the genetic structure.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following individuals and organizations: Katsurayama Hirotsugu (an advisor for Conservation of Biodiversity in Mie Prefecture), Kawazoe Mamoru (a commissioner of the Council for the Protection of Cultural Properties in Kuwana City), Kanou Akio, Nishimura Kiyoko, Nomura Fumitaka (Toba City Board of Education), Okamura Hiroharu, Yagai Keiko, Aichi-Moriyama Nature Group (Tange Masayoshi, Ishihara Noriyoshi, Isogawa Teruo and Miyake Masao), Shibata Yoshiko (Water Source Forest and Hachiryu Marsh Preservation Group), Muramatsu Masao, Kunimura Keiko (Nagoya Waterfront Research Group), Kato Mitsufumi (Seto Mamenashi Observation Group), the boards of education in Mie Prefecture (especially Nishimura Kazuya) and Kuwana City, Toin Town (especially Ishigami Norichika), Yokkaichi City (especially Ishige Ayako), Taki Town, Tamaki Town, Matsuzaka City and Ise City in Mie Prefecture, and Komaki City, Oguchi Town, Nagoya City, Owariasahi City, Chita City, Handa City, Nishio City and Shinshiro City in Aichi Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture, Yokkaichi City Yamate Junior High School, Mie Prefectural Museum, Toba Hotel International, Eisen-ji Temple, Aichi Prefectural Inuyama Minami Senior High School, Moriyama Civil Engineering Office, Moriyama Civil Environmental Office, Obata Green Spaces and Parks Management Office, Higashiowari Hospital, Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens, Seto City Suinan Elementary School, Nissin General Sports Park, Chita-Midorihama Factory of Toho Gas Co., Ltd., for their practical help in the sample collection and for provision of information on the trees or habitats. This research was partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, Grant Number: 18580142.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Tourism Science, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachiouji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan

    Shuri Kato

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Shuri Kato, Atsushi Imai, Nishioka Rie & Yuzuru Mukai

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  1. Shuri Kato
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  2. Atsushi Imai
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Correspondence to Shuri Kato.

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The first two authors contributed equally to this work.

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Kato, S., Imai, A., Rie, N. et al. Population genetic structure in a threatened tree, Pyrus calleryana var. dimorphophylla revealed by chloroplast DNA and nuclear SSR locus polymorphisms. Conserv Genet 14, 983–996 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0489-4

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