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An essay on the necessity and feasibility of conservation genomics

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Abstract

The basic premise of conservation genetics is that small populations may be genetically threatened. The two steps leading to this premise are: (1) due to prominent influence of random genetic drift and inbreeding allelic and genotypic diversity in small populations is expected to be low, and (2) low allelic diversity and high homozygosity are expected to lead to immediate fitness decreases (inbreeding depression) and a compromised potential for evolutionary adaptation. Conservation genetic research has been strongly stimulated by the application of neutral molecular markers like microsatellites and AFLPs. In general these marker studies have provided evidence for step 1. It is less evident how these markers may provide evidence for step 2. In this essay we argue that, in order to get detailed insight in step 2, adopting a conservation genomic approach, in which conservation genetics will use approaches from ecological and evolutionary functional genomics (ecogenomics), is both necessary and feasible. Conservation genomics is necessary for studying functional genomic variation as function of drift and inbreeding, for studying the mechanisms that relate low genetic variation to low fitness, for integrating environmental and genetic approaches to conservation biology, and for developing modern, fast monitoring tools. The rapid technical and financial developments in genomics currently make conservation genomics feasible, and will improve feasibility in the very near future even further. We therefore argue that conservation genomics personifies part of the near future of conservation genetics.

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Acknowledgements

This essay has profited from discussions with attendants of the ESF-CONGEN meeting “Integrating Population Genetics and Conservation Biology”, 23-26 May 2009, Trondheim Norway. We want to especially thank John Avise, Dick Frankham, Phil Hedrick, Kuke Bijlsma, Bob Wayne and Torsten Kristensen for discussions and suggestions, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. The views expressed in this essay are exclusively the responsibility of the authors. We would like to acknowledge the financial support of the ESF-CONGEN program.

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  1. Section Molecular Ecology, Department of Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    N. Joop Ouborg, Francesco Angeloni & Philippine Vergeer

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  1. N. Joop Ouborg
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Joop Ouborg, N., Angeloni, F. & Vergeer, P. An essay on the necessity and feasibility of conservation genomics. Conserv Genet 11, 643–653 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-009-0016-9

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