Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Detection of melanoma metastases with the sentinel node biopsy: the legacy of Donald L. Morton, MD (1934–2014)

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Dr. Donald L. Morton was clearly the pioneer of the sentinel node biopsy, which was a major advance in oncology that has improved the management of cancer patients worldwide. He conducted a series of practice-changing clinical trials to validate the important staging role of the sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma, and also spawned other studies that demonstrated its staging value in multiple other cancer types, most notably in breast cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. His many contributions in this field have provided a unique opportunity to study host/tumor relationships, since the sentinel lymph node is the first location were the host immune defenses are confronted with metastasis arising from the primary cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Balch CM (2011) Donald L. Morton, MD … a living legend in surgical oncology. J Surg Oncol 104:338–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Balch CM, Roh MS, Suzanne Klimberg V et al (2014) In memoriam: Donald L. Morton, MD (1934–2014): an icon in surgical oncology. Ann Surg Oncol 21:1413–1416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH et al (1992) Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg 127:392–399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fee HJ, Robinson DS, Sample WF et al (1978) The determination of lymph shed by colloidal gold scanning in patients with malignant melanoma: a preliminary study. Surgery 84:626–632

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Meyer CM, Lecklitner ML, Logic JR et al (1979) Technetium-99m sulfur-colloid cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy in the management of truncal melanoma. Radiology 131:205–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wong JH, Cagle LA, Morton DL (1991) Lymphatic drainage of skin to a sentinel lymph node in a feline model. Ann Surg 214:637–641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gershenwald JE, Colome MI, Lee JE et al (1998) Patterns of recurrence following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 patients with stage I or II melanoma. J Clin Oncol 16:2253–2260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Thompson JF, McCarthy WH, Bosch CM et al (1995) Sentinel lymph node status as an indicator of the presence of metastatic melanoma in regional lymph nodes. Melanoma Res 5:255–260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cascinelli N, Belli F, Santinami M et al (2000) Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma: the WHO Melanoma Program experience. Ann Surg Oncol 7:469–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ et al (2001) Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 19:3635–3648

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ et al (2009) Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. J Clin Oncol 27:6199–6206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Morton DL (2004) Sentinel node mapping and an International Sentinel Node Society: current issues and future directions. Ann Surg Oncol 11:137S–143S

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Essner R et al (1999) Validation of the accuracy of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for early-stage melanoma: a multicenter trial. Multicenter selective lymphadenectomy trial group. Ann Surg 230:453–463 (discussion 463-5)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Morton DL, Cochran AJ, Thompson JF et al (2005) Sentinel node biopsy for early-stage melanoma: accuracy and morbidity in MSLT-I, an international multicenter trial. Ann Surg 242:302–311 (discussion 311-3)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al (2006) Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 355:1307–1317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al (2014) Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 370:599–609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Faries MB, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al (2017) Completion dissection or observation for sentinel-node metastasis in melanoma. N Engl J Med 376:2211–2222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Balch CM, Gershenwald JE (2014) Clinical value of the sentinel-node biopsy in primary cutaneous melanoma. N Engl J Med 370:663–664

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gershenwald JE, Andtbacka RH, Prieto VG et al (2008) Microscopic tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes predicts synchronous nonsentinel lymph node involvement in patients with melanoma. J Clin Oncol 26:4296–4303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wong SL, Balch CM, Hurley P et al (2012) Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology joint clinical practice guideline. Ann Surg Oncol 19:3313–3324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wong SL, Faries MB, Kennedy EB et al (2018) Sentinel lymph node biopsy and management of regional lymph nodes in melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. Ann Surg Oncol 25:356–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Balch CM, Morton DL, Gershenwald JE et al (2009) Sentinel node biopsy and standard of care for melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 60:872–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Balch CM, Soong SJ, Gershenwald JE et al (2001) Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. J Clin Oncol 19:3622–3634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ et al (2010) Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors among 2,313 patients with stage III melanoma: comparison of nodal micrometastases versus macrometastases. J Clin Oncol 28:2452–2459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Giuliano AE, Kirgan DM, Guenther JM et al (1994) Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer. Ann Surg 220:391–398 (discussion 398–401)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Tsioulias GJ, Wood TF, Morton DL et al (2000) Lymphatic mapping and focused analysis of sentinel lymph nodes upstage gastrointestinal neoplasms. Arch Surg 135:926–932

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Saha S, Wiese D, Badin J et al (2000) Technical details of sentinel lymph node mapping incolorectal cancer and its impact on staging. Ann Surg Oncol 7:120–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cochran AJ, Huang RR, Lee J et al (2006) Tumour-induced immune modulation of sentinel lymph nodes. Nat Rev Immunol 6:659–670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cochran AJ, Huang RR, Su A et al (2015) Is sentinel node susceptibility to metastases related to nodal immune modulation? Cancer J 21:39–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kakavand H, Vilain RE, Wilmott JS et al (2015) Tumor PD-L1 expression, immune cell correlates and PD-1+ lymphocytes in sentinel lymph node melanoma metastases. Mod Pathol 28:1535–1544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles M. Balch.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Balch, C.M. Detection of melanoma metastases with the sentinel node biopsy: the legacy of Donald L. Morton, MD (1934–2014). Clin Exp Metastasis 35, 425–429 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-018-9908-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-018-9908-8

Keywords

Navigation