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Spatial distributions and temporal variabilities of the recent Indian Summer Monsoon Northern Boundaries in Tibetan Plateau: analysis of outgoing longwave radiation dataset and precipitation isotopes

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Abstract

As the “Asian Water Tower” region, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has recently experienced a series of unbalanced hydrological cycles, with significant spatial heterogeneities. Large-scale circulations or moisture sources are the key drivers of these changes. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the Westerlies are the two main atmospheric circulations that affect the climate of the TP, and considerable attention has been paid to their precise boundaries or the northern boundaries of ISM (M-W boundaries). Nonetheless, these boundaries remain unclear, meriting further investigation. Here we present our initial attempts to delineate the spatio-temporal variabilities of M-W boundaries in the TP, using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) dataset for 1975–2020. Ground-based precipitation isotopes (1991–2008) at 7 sites and downward shortwave radiation (srad) reanalysis (1979–2018) at 14 sites along a southwest-northeast transect in the TP are used to verify the M-W boundaries with OLR. Our principal findings are as follows: (1) the M-W boundaries are generally framed within 30°–35°N, and appear ladder-shaped from western to eastern TP; and (2) the M-W boundaries experienced significant northward (or southward) shifts in 1999–2020 and 1975–2020 (or 1975–1998), true for all grids counted and for grids in each column; and (3) both the locations and the northward shifts of M-W boundaries are verified by precipitation δ18O and srad reanalysis. These results will improve our understanding of moisture source-related hydrology and aid a more accurate comprehension of ecology or paleoclimate reconstructions in the TP.

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Data availability

The outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) dataset analyzed during the current study are available in NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (NOAA PSL) (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.interp_OLR.html). Monthly precipitation isotopes (1991–2008) are from National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn). Daily precipitation isotopes at Nyalam, Lhasa, Naqu, and Tuotuohe are available from the corresponding author (xiaoyuguo@itpcas.ac.cn) on rational requests. The downward shorwave radation (srad) dataset is from China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) and downloaded from National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn). The TP boundaries are downloaded at the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn).

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Acknowledgements

We should like to thank the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (NOAA PSL) for access to the OLR dataset used in this analysis (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.interp_OLR.html). Monthly precipittaion isotopes (1991–2008) and the TP boundaries are from National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn). The srad dataset is from China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) and downloaded from National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn). Sincerely thanks our senior fellow apprentices such as Zhongfang Liu, Wusheng Yu, Jianggpeng Cui, and Rong Wen, for continious collections of precipitation isotopes at Nyalam, Lhasa, Naqu, and Tuotuohe. We would also like to express our sincere thanks to engineer Dongmeiqu, who helps us when testing the water samples, and thank Edward A Derbyshire, who helps us improve the English.

Funding

This research is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41988101, 42071090, 42271143, 41701080).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

    Xiaoyu Guo & Lei Wang

  2. Motuo Observation & Research Center for Earth Landscape and Earth Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Xiaoyu Guo

  3. Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Lide Tian

  4. The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Lei Wang

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All authors contribute to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis are performed by Xiaoyu Guo and Lide Tian. The first draft of the manuscript is written by Xiaoyu Guo. All authors comment on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approve the final manuscript.

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Guo, X., Wang, L. & Tian, L. Spatial distributions and temporal variabilities of the recent Indian Summer Monsoon Northern Boundaries in Tibetan Plateau: analysis of outgoing longwave radiation dataset and precipitation isotopes. Climatic Change 176, 43 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-023-03522-3

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