Abstract
Developing an environmentally friendly and more efficient pulping process is necessary to cope with the pollution issues created by the current pulp and paper mills. Although Organosolv pulping is considered environmentally friendly compared to kraft or soda pulping, the higher cost hindered the commercialization of the Organosolv process to pulp different raw materials. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the papermaking potential of three raw materials i.e., spruce, beech, and miscanthus, using Acetosolv pulping. This research also includes the determination of properties of the fibers influenced by refining and application potential that could arise for the fibers in terms of strength, barrier, and optical properties. Paper sheets showed excellent air barriers, which justifies their applications in the packaging sector. It was concluded that if the tensile index is the selection criteria, then even miscanthus (a nonwood material) Acetosolv pulp can replace the spruce softwood kraft pulp. Also, transparency and contact angle were found to be maximum for spruce which can facilitate its application as a substrate in green electronics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ai C, Meng H, Lin J et al (2022) Emulsification properties of alkaline soluble polysaccharide from sugar beet pulp: effect of acetylation and methoxylation. Food Hydrocoll 124:107361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107361
Aprianti T (2019) Utilization of sugarcane bagasse and banana midrib mixture as raw materials for paper making using acetosolve method. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 620:012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/620/1/012020
Bäckström M, Kolar MC, Htun M (2008) Characterisation of fines from unbleached kraft pulps and their impact on sheet properties. Holzforschung 62:546–552. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2008.081
Berto GL, Arantes V (2019) Kinetic changes in cellulose properties during defibrillation into microfibrillated cellulose and cellulose nanofibrils by ultra-refining. Int J Biol Macromol 127:637–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.169
Bocianowski J, Fabisiak E, Joachimiak K, Wójciak A (2019) NSSC pulping of miscanthus giganteus and birch wood part 2: a comparison of papermaking potential and strength properties. Wood Res 64:281–291
Cho BU, Garnier G (2000) Effect of the paper structure and composition on the surface sizing pickup. TAPPI J 83:60
Dapía S, Santos V, Parajó JC (2003a) Carboxymethylcellulose from totally chlorine-free-bleached milox pulps. Bioresour Technol 89:289–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00066-X
Dapía S, Sixta H, Borgards A et al (2003b) TCF bleaching of hardwood pulps obtained in organic acid media: production of viscose-grade pulps. Holz Als Roh-Und Werkst 61:363–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-003-0404-7
Dapía S, Tovar CA, Santos V, Parajó JC (2005) Rheological behaviour of carboxymethylcellulose manufactured from TCF-bleached milox pulps. Food Hydrocoll 19:313–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2004.06.007
Fang Z, Zhu H, Preston C et al (2013) Highly transparent and writable wood all-cellulose hybrid nanostructured paper. J Mater Chem C 1:6191–6197. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tc31331j
Gharehkhani S, Sadeghinezhad E, Kazi SN et al (2015) Basic effects of pulp refining on fiber properties-a review. Carbohydr Polym 115:785–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.047
Gominho J, Lopes C, Lourenço A et al (2014) Eucalyptus globulus stumpwood as a raw material for pulping. BioResources 9:4038–4049. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.3.4038-4049
Gürboy KB, Elmas GM (2007) ASAM pulping of hybrid poplar Samsun clone grown in Turkey. Cellul Chem Technol 41:271–275
Hansen B, Kusch P, Schulze M, Kamm B (2016) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignin produced from beech wood by different conditions of the organosolv process. J Polym Environ 24:85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-015-0746-3
Hidayati S, Suroso E, Satyajaya W, Iryani DA (2019) Chemistry and structure characterization of bamboo pulp with formacell pulping. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 532:012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/532/1/012024
Iribarne J, Schroeder LR (1999) The use of fibre cut probabilities to study fiber weak points. In: Tappi international paper physics conference. pp 259–288
Jahan MS, Chowdhury DAN, Islam MK (2005) alkaline sulphite anthraquinone methanol (asam) pulping of jute fibre. IPPTA Q J Indian Pulp Pap Tech Assoc 17:37–43
Jahan MS, Chowdhury DAN, Russel MAN et al (2007) Alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone-methanol (ASAM) pulping of corn stalks. Cellul Chem Technol 40:531–536
Jahangir ES, Olson JA (2020) Low consistency refined ligno-cellulose microfibre: an MFC alternative for high bulk, tear and tensile mechanical pulp papers. Cellulose 27:2803–2816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02956-2
Jawjit W (2006) An environmental system analysis of the kraft pulp industry in Thailand. Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen
Larsson PT, Lindström T, Carlsson LA, Fellers C (2018) Fiber length and bonding effects on tensile strength and toughness of kraft paper. J Mater Sci 53:3006–3015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1683-4
Lehnen R, Saake B, Nimz HH (2002) Impact of pulping conditions on formacell aspen lignin: investigation of methoxyl and ester groups, carbohydrates, molar mass and glass transition temperatures. Holzforschung 56:498–506. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2002.077
Li MF, Sun SN, Xu F, Sun RC (2012a) Formic acid based organosolv pulping of bamboo (Phyllostachys acuta): comparative characterization of the dissolved lignins with milled wood lignin. Chem Eng J 179:80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.10.060
Li MF, Sun SN, Xu F, Sun RC (2012b) Mild acetosolv process to fractionate bamboo for the biorefinery: structural and antioxidant properties of the dissolved lignin. J Agric Food Chem 60:1703–1712. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2050608
Ligero P, Vega A, Bao M (2005) Acetosolv delignification of Miscanthus sinensis bark: influence of process variables. Ind Crops Prod 21:235–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.006
Ligero P, Villaverde JJ, de Vega A, Bao M (2008a) Delignification of eucalyptus globulus saplings in two organosolv systems (formic and acetic acid). Preliminary analysis of dissolved lignins. Ind Crops Prod 27:110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.08.008
Ligero P, Villaverde JJ, Vega A, Bao M (2008b) Pulping cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) with peroxyformic acid (MILOX) in one single stage. Bioresour Technol 99:5687–5693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.028
Liukkonen A (1997) Contact angle of water on paper components: sessile drops versus environmental scanning electron microscope measurements. Scanning 19:411–415. https://doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950190604
Louis EW (1945) Quantitative isolation of hemicelluloses from coniferous woods preliminary communication. Ind Eng Chem Anal Ed 17:63–64. https://doi.org/10.1021/I560137A021
Lu P, Zhang W, He M et al (2016) Cellulase-assisted refining of bleached softwood kraft pulp for making water vapor barrier and grease-resistant paper. Cellulose 23:891–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0833-6
Miranda I, Pereira H (2002) Kinetics of ASAM and kraft pulping of eucalypt wood (Eucalyptus globulus). Holzforschung 56:85–90. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2002.014
Moradbak A, Tahir PM, Mohamed AZ, Halis R (2016) Alkaline sulfite anthraquinone and methanol pulping of bamboo(Gigantochloa scortechinii). BioResources 11:235–248. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.235-248
Motamedian HR, Halilovic AE, Kulachenko A (2019) Mechanisms of strength and stiffness improvement of paper after pfi refining with a focus on the effect of fines. Cellulose 26:4099–4124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02349-5
Przybysz P, Dubowik M, Małachowska E et al (2020) The effect of the refining intensity on the progress of internal fibrillation and shortening of cellulose fibers. BioResources 15:1482–1499. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1482-1499
Reimer M, Zollfrank C (2021) Cellulose for light manipulation: methods, applications, and prospects. Adv Energy Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003866
Rodríguez A, Espinosa E, Domínguez-Robles J et al (2018) Different solvents for organosolv pulping. Pulp Pap Process. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79015
Souza NF, Almeida JS, Pinheiro JA et al (2021) Progress in organosolv and steam explosion pretreatments of oil palm fibers for biomacromolecules extraction. J Nat Fibers 00:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.2002763
Sridach W (2010) The environmentally benign pulping process of non-wood fibers. Suranaree J Sci Technol 17:105–123
Winfried B (2020) Herstellung von Zellsto ff en nach dem Acetosolv-Verfahren. Technical University of Dresden, Dresden
Acknowledgments
The author Nitin Gupta would like to thank the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Technical University of Dresden, and Papiertechnische Stiftung research institute for providing online resources and support to carry out this research work during his master’s study
Funding
Nitin Gupta would like to thank the Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India, and DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) for providing resources and financial support to carry out this research work during his master’s study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
NG: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Original draft writing, review and editing. MF: Methodology, Project administration, Resources. ML: Data curation, review and editing.SF: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Resources. FM: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, review and editing. VKR: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, review and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Gupta, N., Fiedler, M., Lang, M. et al. Potential of acetosolv pulping as an environment-friendly pulping method for spruce, beech, miscanthus, and characterization of handsheets. Cellulose (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05850-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-05850-8