Abstract
The field of catalysis is ever flourishing to meet the challenges faced in our day-to-day needs keeping in mind the environmental concerns. In line with this quest, a new N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium(II) complex grafted on cellulose, a naturally available biomacromolecule from agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse (Cellu@NHC-Pd) was synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst. The facile multistep synthesis was achieved using low-cost chemicals and mild reaction conditions. The characterization of the Cellu@NHC-Pd heterogeneous catalyst by various analytical techniques such as FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, HR-TEM, TG/DTA, ICP-OES and p-XRD confirmed its structure, morphology, thermal stability and chemical composition. The Cellu@NHC-Pd heterogeneous catalyst was successfully investigated for its catalytic ability in Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reactions under green reaction medium at ambient temperature. The heterogeneous catalyst was examined for its catalytic effectiveness in the cross-coupling reactions for various parameters like solvent, base, temperature, time and catalyst loading. Additionally, the developed heterogeneous catalyst showed very good tolerance to a variety of functional groups. Being heterogeneous, the catalyst could be easily recovered by simple filtration. The Cellu@NHC-Pd heterogeneous catalyst can be additionally probed for its catalytic excellence in other applications.
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The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank DST-SERB, India (SERB/F/1423/2017–18 (No. YSS/2015/000010), DST-Nanomission, India (No. SR/NM/NS-20/2014) and Jain (Deemed-to-be University), India, for financial support.
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Antony, A.M., Chamanmalik, M.I., Kandathil, V. et al. Biomacromolecule supported N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium(II) as a novel catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reactions. Cellulose 30, 7551–7573 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05323-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05323-4