Abstract
The main aspect of this study is to develop water hyacinth (WN) and sugarcane bagasse (SN) nonwovens by applying an economic solution of wet-laid web formation by utilizing plant wastes. To improve the mechanical properties, the fibers were pre-treated with NaOH at 5, 10 and 15 (v/w) %, and to increase the hydrophobicity, the nonwovens were post-treated with water repellent (WR) chemicals at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 (v/v) %. SEM micrographs revealed the rougher fiber surface after alkali treatment and thin layers on the fiber surface after WR treatment. EDX and FTIR analysis proved the removal of impurities after alkali treatment and the appearance of fluorine compound after WR treatment. XRD patterns confirmed the crystallinity of WN was higher than that of SN nonwovens, and the crystallinity was increased after alkali and WR treatment. Untreated WN nonwovens exhibited about twice the tensile strength (TS) and tensile modulus (TM) but 2.47% lower elongation at break (Eb%) than untreated SN nonwovens. TS increased significantly by 89% and 2.5 times, TM was increased by 60 and 87%, Eb% was decreased by 25 and 35% for WN and SN nonwovens, respectively, when treated with 10% NaOH compared to untreated nonwovens. Hydrophobicity improved considerably with increasing WR concentration. For example, at 10% WR, a drop of water showed an initial contact angle of 143.3° and took 5.11 h to be completely absorbed by the WN nonwoven. However, the mechanical properties decreased when the concentration of WR and NaOH increased. Therefore, 10% WR and 10% NaOH were considered the optimum concentrations for the surface treatment of the fibers.
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Motaleb, K.Z.M.A., Abakevičienė, B. & Milašius, R. Prospective utilization of water hyacinth and sugarcane plant wastes into a promising nonwoven biomaterial: development and improvement of their physico-mechanical properties. Cellulose 30, 3297–3316 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05066-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05066-2