Abstract
Cellulose can replace single-use petrochemical packaging; however, its lack of freshwater durability restricts its applicability. This study used a wet pulverization process to prepare mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibers (MCNFs). They were followed by sodium periodate oxidation to prepare oxidized cellulose nanofibers (OMCNFs). The MCNFs and OMCNFs were converted into films through solvent casting. The OMCNF film with an aldehyde concentration of 176 µmol/g had a wet tensile strength of ~ 20 MPa, which was significantly higher than that of the MCNF film (~ 2 MPa). In addition, the water durability of the OMCNF film could be further increased to ~ 35 MPa by adding hydroxypropyl starch (HPS). Moreover, starch addition enhanced the degradability of the OMCNF/HPS film in marine conditions. Thus, the OMCNF/HPS film had adequate freshwater durability and marine degradability and has the potential to serve as a next-generation packaging material.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by NEDO, JST-Mirai Program (JPMJMI18E3), and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (3RF-1802) of the ERCA. We would like to thanks Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) for performing marine microbial degradation test. We would like to appreciate Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co. Ltd. (Japan) for providing starch. R.S. would like to thank Japan international corporation agency (JICA) for providing a Ph.D. scholarship.
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Soni, R., Asoh, TA., Hsu, YI. et al. Freshwater-durable and marine-degradable cellulose nanofiber reinforced starch film. Cellulose 29, 1667–1678 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04410-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04410-8