Abstract
Development of self-sanitizing cellulose and cellulose paper-based products will increase human safety and hygiene. In the present work, a softwood bleached kraft pulp (SBKP) was oxidized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation in water at pH 10 at two NaClO addition levels (3 and 5 mmol g−1 based on the dry weight of SBKP). The fibrous TEMPO-oxidized SBKPs (TO-SBKPs) were subsequently incorporated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by soaking in aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution and subsequent thermal reduction. The C=O absorption band in FTIR spectra of AgNP-containing TO-SBKPs increased with increasing Ag content, showing that the C2/C3 hydroxy groups in TO-SBKPs were oxidized to ketones by reduction of Ag+ ions to AgNPs during heating at 100 °C for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the AgNPs were almost homogenously distributed on the surface of each TO-SBKP fiber with an average diameter of 32–40 nm regardless of different Ag contents. Handsheets were prepared from SBKP and the AgNP-containing TO-SBKP at various weight ratios. The handsheets showed sufficient antimicrobial activities against a Gram-negative Escherichia coli strain and a Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus strain. The tensile strength of the handsheets was significantly improved by mixing the AgNP-containing TO-SBKP with SBKP. The 20% TO-SBKP/Ag-containing SBKP sheets were optimal in terms of efficient antimicrobial activities and good mechanical properties. Thus, the AgNP-containing TO-SBKP sheets have potential for use as antimicrobial paper and related packaging materials produced using the conventional papermaking process.
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Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Office of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation, and the Thailand Science Research and Innovation through the Kasetsart University Reinventing University Program 2021 and Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI). The authors also thank Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.
Funding
Office of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation, the Thailand Science Research and Innovation through the Kasetsart University Reinventing University Program 2021, Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI).
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Puangsin, B., Chitbanyong, K., Yimlamai, P. et al. Silver-nanoparticle-containing handsheets for antimicrobial applications. Cellulose 29, 2005–2016 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04403-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04403-7