Abstract
Water absorption is a key property in several tissue paper materials and can be a differentiating factor in terms of consumer choice. The converting modifications applied in the tissue industry can improved absorbency properties. For this purpose, the main goal of the present work is to study the influence of “deco” and “micro” embossing on water absorption capacity, Klemm capillary rise, and liquid spreading kinetics in tissue papers. An industrial never-dried bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp, a creped industrial base tissue paper, and a disintegrated fibrous suspension obtained from the same industrial paper were used to produce structures with and without “deco” and “micro” embossing patterns. The results indicate that the “micro” embossing process promoted bulky and porous structures, enhancing water absorption capacity and Klemm capillary rise properties, while the “dec” embossing pattern decreased water absorption capacity properties. The creping process also increased the water absorption capacity but decreased Klemm capillary rise properties along with the fiber mixtures. Regarding the liquid spreading kinetics, both embossing patterns decreased this property in uncreped isotropic structures, contrary to creped anisotropic structures. The eucalyptus and softwood fibers mixture improved the spreading kinetics compared to the creping process. The performance of structures with and without embossing allowed to quantify the liquid retention properties, combining ISO experimental methods and an optical system that records the liquid interaction with fibrous structures. In conclusion, this laboratory embossing method can be used as an alternative method to optimize converting operations and the final tissue paper characterization, on a laboratory scale.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The raw/processed data required to reproduce the above findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
References
Ashari A, Bucher TM, Tafreshi HV, Tahir MA, Rahman MSA (2010) Modeling fluid spread in thin fibrous sheets: effects of fiber orientation. Int J Heat Mass Transf 53:1750–1758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.01.015
Beuther PD, Veith MW, Zwick KJ (2010) Characterization of absorbent flow rate in towel and tissue. J Eng Fiber Fabr 5:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500201
Boudreau J, Germgård U (2014) Influence of various pulp properties on the Adhesion between tissue paper and Yankee cylinder surface. BioRes 9:2107–2114
Chen H, Nie Q, Fang H (2020) Dynamic behavior of droplets on confined porous substrates: a many-body dissipative particle dynamics study. Phys Fluids 32:102003. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0020471
Clarke A, Blake TD, Carruthers K, Woodward A (2002) Spreading and imbibition of liquid droplets on porous surfaces. Langmuir 18:2980–2984. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0117810
Costa VLD, Costa AP, Amaral ME, Oliveira C, Gama M, Dourado F, Simões RM (2016) Effect of hot calendering on physical properties and water vapor transfer resistance of bacterial cellulose films. J Mater Sci 51:9562–9572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0112-4
Curto JMR, Mendes AO, Conceição ELT, Portugal ATG, Fiadeiro PT, Ramos AMM, Simões RMS, Santos Silva MJ (2015) Development of an innovative 3D simulator for structured polymeric fibrous materials and liquid droplets. In: Öchsner A, Altenbach H (eds) Mechanical and materials engineering of modern structure and component design advanced structured materials. Springer, Cham, pp 301–321
de Assis T, Reisinger L, Pal L, Pawlak J, Jameel H, Gonzalez R (2018) Understand the effect of machine technology and cellulosic fibers on tissue properties: a review. BioRes 13:4593–4629. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.2.DeAssis
de Assis T, Reisinger LW, Dasmohapatra S, Pawlak J, Jameel H, Pal L, Kavalew D, Gonzalez RW (2018) Performance and sustainability vs. shelf price of tissue paper kitchen towels. BioRes 13:6868–6892. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.6868-6892
de Assis T, Pawlak J, Pal L, Jameel H, Reisinger LW, Kavalew D, Campbell C, Pawlowska L, Gonzalez RW (2020) Comparison between uncreped and creped handsheets on tissue paper properties using a Creping simulator unit. Cellulose 27:5981–5999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03163-0
Debnath M, Salem KS, Naithani V, Musten E, Hubbe MA, Pal L (2021) Soft mechanical treatments of recycled fibers using a high-shear homogenizer for tissue and hygiene products. Cellulose 28:7981–7994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04024-0
Dutt D, Tyagi CH (2011) Comparison of various eucalyptus species for their morphological, chemical, pulp and paper making characteristics. Indian J Chem Technol 18:145151
Fiadeiro PT, Mendes AO, Ramos AMM, Sousa SCL (2013) Study of the ink-paper interaction by image analysis: surface and bulk inspection. In: Proceedings of SPIE - 8th Iberoamerican Optics Meeting and 11th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Applications, Porto, Portugal, pp. 8785BV-1/8785BV-8. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024991
Giacomozzi DE, Joutsimo O (2015) Drying temperature and hornification of industrial never-dried pinus radiata pulps. 1: strength, optical, and water holding properties. BioRes 10:5791–5808. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.3.5791-5808
Gigac J, Fišerová M (2008) Influence of pulp refining on tissue paper properties. Tappi J 7:27–32
Gigac J, Fišerová M, Stankovská M, Maholányiová M (2019) Prediction of water-absorption capacity and surface softness of tissue paper products using photoclinometry. O Papel 80:91–97
Gil N, Gil C, Amaral ME, Costa AP, Duarte AP (2009) Use of enzymes to improve the refining of a bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp. Biochem Eng J 46:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2009.04.011
Guan M, An X, Liu H (2019) Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as a versatile filler for the preparation of bamboo pulp-based tissue paper handsheets. Cellulose 26:2613–2624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2212-6
Hilpert M, Ben-David A (2009) Infiltration of liquid droplets into porous media: effects of dynamic contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. Int J Multiph Flow 35:205–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2008.11.007
Kannangara D, Zhang H, Shen W (2006) Liquid-paper interactions during liquid drop impact and recoil on paper surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects 280:203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.02.008
Mendes AO, Fiadeiro PT, Ramos AMM, Sousa SCL (2013) Development of an optical system for analysis of the ink-paper interaction. Mach vis Appl 24:1733–1750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-013-0496-y
Mendes AO, Vieira JC, Carta AM, Gali E, Simões R, dos Santos Silva MJ, Costa AP, Fiadeiro PT (2020) Influence of tissue paper converting conditions on finished product softness. BioRes 15:7178–7190. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.7178-7190
Morais FP, Bértolo RAC, Curto JMR, Amaral MECC, Carta AMMS, Evtyugind DV (2019) Comparative characterization of eucalyptus fibers and softwood fibers for tissue papers applications. Mater Lett X 4:100028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2019.100028
Morais FP, Bértolo RAC, Curto JMR, Amaral MECC, Carta AMMS, Evtyugind DV (2020a) Characterization data of pulp fibres performance in tissue papers applications. Data Brief 29:105253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105253
Morais FP, Carta AMMS, Amaral ME, Curto JMR (2020) 3D fiber models to simulate and optimize tissue materials. BioRes 15:8833–8848. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8833-8848
Morais FP, Carta AMMS, Amaral ME, Curto JMR (2020c) Experimental 3D fibre for tissue papers applications. Data Brief 30:105479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105479
Morais FP, Carta AMMS, Amaral ME, Curto JMR (2021a) Micro/nano-fibrillated cellulose (MFC/NFC) fibers as an additive to maximize eucalyptus fibers on tissue paper production. Cellulose 28:6587–6605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03912-9
Morais FP, Carta AMMS, Amaral ME, Curto JMR (2021) Cellulose fiber enzymatic modification to improve the softness, strength, and absorption properties of tissue papers. BioRes 16:846–861. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.846-861
Mullins BJ, Braddock RD (2012) Capillary rise in porous, fibrous media during liquid immersion. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55:6222–6230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.06.046
Pan K, Das R, Phani AS, Green S (2019) An elastoplastic creping model for tissue manufacturing. Int J Solids Struct 165:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.01.022
Park JY, Melani L, Lee H, Kim JH (2019) Effect of chemical additives on softness components of hygiene paper. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 34:173–181. https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0002
Raunio J-P, Ritala R (2012) Simulation of creping pattern in tissue paper. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 27:375–381. https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p375-381
Rosenholm JB (2015) Liquid spreading on solid surfaces and penetration into porous matrices: coated and uncoated papers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 220:8–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.01.009
Senden TJ, Knackstedt MA, Lyne MB (2000) Droplet penetration into porous networks: role of pore morphology. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 15:554–563. https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2000-15-05-p554-563
Silvy J, Romatier G, Chiodi R (1968) Méthodes pratiques de controle du raffinage. ATIP 22:31–53
Sousa SCL, Mendes AO, Fiadeiro PT, Ramos AMM (2014) Dynamic interactions of pigment-based inks on chemically modified papers and their influence on inkjet print quality. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:4660–4668. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie403595f
Spina R, Covalcante B (2018) Characterizing materials and processes used on paper tissue converting lines. Mater Today Commun 17:427–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.10.006
Spiridon I, Duarte AP, Curto JMR (2003) Influence of xylanase treatment on Pinus pinaster kraft pulp. Cell Chem Technol 37:497–504
Stankovská M, Gigac J, Fišerová M, Opálená E (2019) Relationship between structural parameters and water absorption of bleached softwood and hardwood kraft pulps. Wood Res 64:261–272
Stankovská M, Fišerová M, Gigac J, Opálená E (2020) Blending impact of hardwood pulps with softwood pulp on tissue paper properties. Wood Res 65:447–458. https://doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.3.447458
Starov VM, Zhdanov SA, Kosvintsev SR, Sobolev VD, Velarde MG (2003) Spreading of liquid drops over porous substrates. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 104:123–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686Ž03.00039-3
Vieira JC, Mendes AO, Carta AM, Fiadeiro PT, Costa AP (2020a) Experimental dataset supporting the physical and mechanical characterization of industrial base tissue papers. Data Brief 33:106434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106434
Vieira JC, Mendes AO, Carta AM, Galli E, Fiadeiro PT, Costa AP (2020) Impact of embossing on liquid absorption of toilet tissue papers. BioRes 15:3888–3898. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.3888-3898
Vieira JC, Mendes AO, Carta AM, Fiadeiro PT, Costa AP (2020) Impact of 5-ply toilet paper configuration on its mechanical and absorption properties. BioRes 15:7475–7486. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.7475-7486
Wågberg L, Westerlind C (2000) Spreading of droplets of different liquids on specially structured papers. Nord Pulp Paper Res J 15:598–606. https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2000-15-05-p598-606
Wang J, Gan M, Shi J (2007) Detection and characterization of penetrating pores in porous materials. Mater Charact 58:8–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2006.02.016
Weise U, Maloney T, Paulapuro H (1996) Quantification of water in different states of interaction with wood pulp fibres. Cellulose 3:189–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02228801
Zambrano F, Wang Y, Zwilling JD, Venditti R, Jameel H, Rojas O, Gonzalez R (2021) Micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose from virgin and recycled fibers: a comparative study of its effects on the properties of hygiene tissue paper. Carbohyd Polym 254:117430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117430
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Project InPaCTus—Innovative Products and Technologies from eucalyptus, Project Nº 21 874 funded by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of COMPETE 2020 nº 246/AXIS II/2017. The authors are also very grateful for the support given by Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI) on the extent of the project reference UIDB/00195/2020.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The manuscript was written through the contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morais, F.P., Vieira, J.C., Mendes, A.O. et al. Characterization of absorbency properties on tissue paper materials with and without “deco” and “micro” embossing patterns. Cellulose 29, 541–555 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04328-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04328-1