Abstract
Herein, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), alkali lignin (AL), and montmorillonite (MMT) were used to produce reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. The effects of MMT and AL contents on the rheological properties of reinforced hydrogel were studied. Compared with PVA/CNF hydrogel, the storage modulus of 40 wt% MMT-reinforced PVA hydrogel was increased by 41.4%. The rheological properties of MMT-enhanced PVA hydrogel could be adjusted by the variation of MMT loading. Also, as the PVA matrix had a synergistic effect with the embedded MMT and AL, the composite hydrogel demonstrated high efficiency in the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from wastewater. Adsorption tests conducted at various time intervals (60–360 min) show that the hydrogels containing same content of MMT had higher removal efficiency. The MB adsorption of PVA/2CNF-0Li-40MMT was over 98.0%, whereas its adsorption equilibrium time and maximum adsorption capacity (qm) were 360 min and 67.2 mg/g, respectively. However, an extremely high content of MMT reduced the MB adsorption rate.
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Acknowledgments
The research was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu (BE2015758). Also, the authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
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JL designed the project, performed experiments, analyzed data, and prepared the manuscript. XM and XZ helped to analyze the data and revised the manuscript. YX supervised the project and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approve the final manuscript.
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Luo, J., Ma, X., Zhou, X. et al. Construction of physically crosslinked cellulose nanofibrils/alkali lignin/montmorillonoite/polyvinyl alcohol network hydrogel and its application in methylene blue removal. Cellulose 28, 5531–5543 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03847-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03847-1