Abstract
This study addresses the preparation and characterization of three active cellulose-based papers containing TiO2, Ag–TiO2 and Ag–TiO2–zeolite nanocomposites (P–TiO2, P–Ag–TiO2, P–Ag–TiO2–Z) and is aimed at use in bread packaging. It is organized in two parts: (1) the first part covers the morpho-structural characterization of nanocomposites and paper sheets (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray) and explores some properties of the papers sheets (photocatalytic activity, wettability, barrier properties); (2) in the second part, the comparative efficiency of papers in the bread storage is discussed in terms of acidity, nutritional parameters (total fat, proteins and carbohydrates) and yeasts and molds charge. Morpho-structural investigations revealed a heterogeneous distribution of nanocomposites in the cellulose network as single particles or agglomerates. The higher content of active agents in the P–Ag–TiO2–Z positively affects the hydrophobicity, roughness, photocatalytic activity, opacity and water vapor permeability the most as compared to P–P (plain paper), P–TiO2 and P–Ag–TiO2. The free channels inside the zeolite structure result in the poorest barrier properties against air and grease of P–Ag–TiO2–Z and the highest food simulants–paper contact angles. Packaging tests indicate P–Ag–TiO2 as the most effective in the preservation of nutritional compounds in the bread. In return, P–Ag–TiO2–Z prolongs the microbiological safety of bread in terms of yeasts and molds content for 10 days at 20 °C and 12 days at 4 °C, 2 days longer than the second-ranked P–Ag–TiO2.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adel AM, Nivin MA, Mohamed AD, Mohamed MS (2016) The influence of TiO2/CC core/shell pigments on the properties of paper sheets. Powder Technol 291:437–447. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2016.01.007
Amini E, Azadfallah M, Layeghi M, Talaei-Hassanloui R (2016) Silver-nanoparticle-impregnated cellulose nanofiber coating for packaging paper. Cellulose 23(1):557–570. doi:10.1007/s10570-015-0846-1
ANSVSA 27/2011. Hygiene and microbiological criteria for foodstuffs
Bardet R, Belgacem MN, Bras J (2013) Different strategies for obtaining high opacity films of MFC with TiO2 pigments. Cellulose 20(6):3025–3037. doi:10.1007/s10570-013-0025-1
Binder JB, Raines RT (2009) Simple chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into furans for fuels and chemicals. J Am Chem Soc 131(5):1979–1985. doi:10.1021/ja808537j
Dashora A, Patel N, Kothari DC, Ahuja BL, Miotello A (2014) Formation of an intermediate band in the energy gap of TiO2 by Cu–N-codoping: first principles study and experimental evidence. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 125:120–126. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.02.032
EU No 10/2011. Commission regulation on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food
Fan H, LiG YF, Yang L, Zhang S (2011) Photodegradation of cellulose under UV light catalysed by TiO2. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 86(8):1107–1112. doi:10.1002/jctb.2632
Gumiero M, Perresini D, Pizzariello A, Sensidoni A, Iacumin L, Comi G, Toniolo R (2013) Effect of TiO2 photocatalytic activity in a HDPE-based food packaging on the structural and microbiological stability of a short-ripened cheese. Food Chem 138(2–3):1633–1640. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.139
Harmonized method of the International Honey Commission (2009). http://www.bee-hexagon.net/en/network.htm
ISO 5636-3:1992E. Paper and board—determination of air permeance (medium range)—part 3: Bendtsen method
ISO 8791-2:2013. Paper and board—determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods)—part 2: Bendtsen method
Jastrzębska A, Kurtycz P, Olszyna A, Basiak D (2014) The impact of zeta potential and physicochemical properties of TiO2-based nanocomposites on their biological activity. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 12(6):1157–1173. doi:10.1111/ijac.12340
Kabra K, Chaudhary R, Sawhney RL (2004) Treatment of hazardous organic and inorganic compounds through aqueous-phase photocatalysis: a review. Ind Eng Chem Res 43(24):7683–7696. doi:10.1021/ie0498551
Kim YT, Min B, Kim WK (2014) Innovation in food packaging. Elsevier Ltd, Amsterdam
Kuhl G (1999) Modification of zeolites. In: Weithkamp J, Puppe L (eds) Catalysis and zeolites. Springer, Berlin, p 167
Kuuliala L, Pippuri T, Hultman J, Auvinen S-M, Kolppo K, Nieminen T, Karp M, Björkroth J, Kuusipalo J, Jääskeläinen E (2015) Preparation and antimicrobial characterization of silver-containing packaging materials for meat. Food Packag Shelf Life 6:53–60. doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2015.09.004
Mihaly Cozmuta L, Mihaly-Cozmuta A, Peter A, Nicula C, Tutu H, Silipas D, Indrea E (2014a) Adsorption of heavy metal cations by Na-clinoptilolite: equilibrium and selectivity studies. J Environ Manage 137:69–80. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.02.007
Mihaly Cozmuta A, Peter A, Mihaly Cozmuta L, Nicula C, Crisan L, Baia L, Turila A (2014b) Active packaging system based on Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite used for extending the shelf life of bread. Chemical and microbiological investigations. Packag Technol Sci 28(4):271–284. doi:10.1002/pts.2103
Naghibi S, Vahed S, Torabi O, Jamshidi A, Golabgir MH (2015) Exploring a new phenomenon in the bactericidal response of TiO2 thinfilms by Fe doping: exerting the antimicrobial activity even afterstoppage of illumination. Appl Surf Sci 327:371–378. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.11.162
Ngo YH, Li D, Simon GP, Garnier G (2011) Paper surfaces functionalized by nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 163(1):23–38. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2011.01.004
Order No. 976/16.12.1998 about the Hygiene normatives for production, processing, storage, keeping, transport and sales of food
Peter A, Mihaly Cozmuta L, Mihaly Cozmuta A, Nicula C, Indrea E, Barbu-Tudoran L (2014a) Testing the preserving activity of Ag–TiO2–Fe and TiO2 composites included in the polyethylene during the orange juice storage. J Food Process Eng 37(6):596–608. doi:10.1111/jfpe.12116
Peter A, Mihaly-Cozmuta L, Mihaly-Cozmuta A, Nicula C, Tudoran LB, Baia L (2014b) Efficiency of Cu/TiO2 to remove salicylic acid by photocatalytic decomposition: kinetic modeling. Mater Technol 29(3):129–133. doi:10.1179/1753555713Y.0000000121
Peter A, Mihaly-Cozmuta L, Mihaly-Cozmuta A, Nicula C, Ziemkowska W, Basiak D, Danciu V, Vulpoi A, Baia L, Falup A, Craciun G, Ciric A, Begea M, Kiss C, Vatuiu D (2016) Changes in the microbiological and chemical characteristics of white bread during storage in paper packages modified with Ag/TiO2–SiO2, Ag/N–TiO2 or Au/TiO2. Food Chem 197:790–798. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.048
Ramirez C, Gallegos I, Ihl M, Bifani V (2012) Study of contact angle, wettability and water vapour permeability in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) based film with murta leaves (Ugni molinae Turcz) extract. J Food Eng 109:424–429. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.11.005
Ren J, Wang S, Gao C, Chen X, Li W, Peng F (2015) TiO2-containing PVA/xylan composite films with enhanced mechanical properties, high hydrophobicity and UV shielding performance. Cellulose 22(1):593–602. doi:10.1007/s10570-014-0482-1
Seonghyuk K, Fleming PD, Joyce M, Ari-Gur P (2012) Optical and photocatalytic properties of photoactive paper with polycrystalline TiO2 nanopigment for optimal product design. Tappi J 11(5):33–38
Shieh KJ, Li M, Liu YT, Lee YH, Wang YC, Sheu SD (2006) Antibacterial performance of photocatalyst thin film fabricated by defection effect in visible light. Nanomed Nanotechnol 2:121–126. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2006.04.001
Sobral PJA, Mengalli FC, Hubinger MD, Roques MA (2001) Mechanical, water vapor barrier and thermal properties of gelatin based edible films. Food Hydrocoll 15:423–432. doi:10.1016/S0268005X(01),00061-3
Sothornvit R (2009) Effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and lipid on mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of coated paper. Food Res Int 42:307–311. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2008.12.003
SR 91:2007. Analysis methods for bread and fresh bakery products
Vuoti S, Laatikainenb E, Heikkinen H, Johansson L-S, Saharinenc E, Retulainenb E (2013) Chemical modification of cellulosic fibers for better convertibility in packaging applications. Carbohyd Polym 96:549–559. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.053
Wang J, Liu W, Li H, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhou W, Liu H (2013) Preparation of cellulose fiber–TiO2 nanobelt–silver nanoparticle hierarchically structured hybrid paper and its photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. Chem Eng J 228:272–280. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.04.098
STAS 6095/3-90. Pulps. Preparation of samples for physico-mechanical tests and chemical analysis. Pulp sheet formation and drying in the laboratory
TAPPI-T559. Grease resistance test for paper and paperboard
Yang FM, Li HM, Li F, Xin ZH, Zhao LY, Zheng YH, Hu QH (2010) Effect of nano-packing on preservation quality of fresh strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv Fengxiang) during storage at 4°C. J Food Sci 75(3):C236–C240. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01520.x
Youssef AM, Kamel S, El-Samahy MA (2013) Morphological and antibacterial properties of modified paper by PS nano composites for packaging applications. Carbohyd Polym 98:1166–1172. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.059
Yu L, Gong J, Zeng C, Zhang L (2013) Preparation of zeolite-A/chitosan hybrid composites and their bioactivities and antimicrobial activities. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 33:3652–3660. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.055
Zhang X, Xiao G, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Su H, Tan T (2017) Preparation of chitosan-TiO2 composite film with efficient antimicrobial activities under visible light for food packaging applications. Carbohyd Polym 169:101–107. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.073
Zhao W, Feng L, Yang R, Zheng J, Li X (2011) Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of Ag modified hollow SiO2/TiO2 hybrid microspheres. Appl Catal B Environ 103:181–189. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.01.025
Zisman WA (1964) Advanced in chemistry. In: Fowkes FM (ed) Contact angle, wettability and adhesion, vol 43. ACS, Washington, pp 1–51
Acknowledgments
This study was conducted in the frame of CIII-RO-0010-09-1415, CIII-HR-0306-07-1415 CEEPUS Networks and SMARTPACK project (7-065/26.09.2012), financed by UEFISCDI Romania (MNT-ERANET).The authors would like to thank Dr. Milica Todea for performing the XPS measurements.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mihaly-Cozmuta, A., Peter, A., Craciun, G. et al. Preparation and characterization of active cellulose-based papers modified with TiO2, Ag and zeolite nanocomposites for bread packaging application. Cellulose 24, 3911–3928 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1383-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1383-x