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Preparation and separation characteristics of polyelectrolyte complex membranes containing sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose for water–ethanol mixtures at low pH

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Abstract

Novel polyelectrolyte complexes based on sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan were prepared, containing strongly charged (sulfate (OSO3)) and weakly charged (carboxylate (COO−)) groups (SPECs). SPEC homogeneous membranes (SPECMs) for the pervaporation dehydration of ethanol–water mixtures were investigated. The chemical structures and compositions of SPECMs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The swelling behavior and separation performance of SPECMs in low pH feed were evaluated. It was found that the SPECMs containing OSO3 groups were resistant to acidic feeds and showed very good separation performance even in low pH feed. For instance, the water content in permeate for SPECM-0.35 reached as high as 95.8 wt%, which was much higher than the 60 wt% for SPECM-0 in the dehydration of water–ethanol mixtures with pH 2. The result was attributed to the interplay between the stable complexation formed by OSO3 groups and the improved ionization degree of COO− groups in SPECMs. Moreover, the SPECMs maintained their operation stability against acidic feeds. The SPECMs could find considerable potential application in the pervaporation dehydration of acidic feeds, especially for enhancing the conversion of ester condensation.

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Abbreviations

CMC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

CS:

Chitosan

COO− :

Carboxylate groups

COOH:

Carboxyl groups

SCMC:

Sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose

OSO3 :

Sulfate

ESD:

Equilibrium swelling degree

α :

Separation factor

α s :

Sorption selectivity

α d :

Diffusion selectivity

J :

Total flux (g m−2 h)

SCMC-X:

SCMC with X ratio of OSO3Na to COONa groups

PECs:

Polyelectrolyte complexes

SPECs:

PECs containing OSO3 groups

SPEC-Y:

SPECs with Y molar percent OSO3 groups

SPEC-0:

SPEC containing no OSO3 groups

PECMs:

Polyelectrolyte complexes membranes

SPECMs:

PECMs containing OSO3 groups

SPECM-Y:

SPECM with Y molar percent OSO3 groups

SPECM-0:

SPECM containing no OSO3 groups

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the NNSFC (51173160, 21376206), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. 2013QNA4049) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB623402).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Xue-San Wang, Quan-Fu An, Feng-Yang Zhao, Qiang Zhao & Jin-Wen Qian

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan

    Kueir-Rarn Lee

  3. The Development Center of Water Treatment Technology, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Cong-Jie Gao

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  1. Xue-San Wang
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  2. Quan-Fu An
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Correspondence to Quan-Fu An.

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Wang, XS., An, QF., Zhao, FY. et al. Preparation and separation characteristics of polyelectrolyte complex membranes containing sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose for water–ethanol mixtures at low pH. Cellulose 21, 3597–3611 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0336-x

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