Abstract
Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a promising process for removing organic compounds from industrial aqueous streams. Over the last three decades a significant amount of research has been conducted on various aspects of the process including catalyst development, catalytic reaction mechanisms and oxidation reaction mechanisms, and the effects of important parameters such as temperature, pressure and pH on total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The Industrial Chemistry Group at RMIT University has conducted a significant amount of research on this process over the last several years focussing on organics removal from three very different industrial aqueous streams: Bayer liquor used in alumina refining; stripped sour water used in oil shale refining; and pulp and paper effluent used in paper manufacturing. Important results obtained on each of the aforementioned industrial aqueous streams are discussed in detail in this survey article.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig4_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig5_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig6_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig7_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig8_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig9_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig10_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig11_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig12_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig13_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig14_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Sch1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig15_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig16_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig17_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig18_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig19_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig20_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig21_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig22_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10563-007-9020-6/MediaObjects/10563_2007_9020_Fig23_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Eyer SL (2001) Investigation of catalytic wet oxidation of Bayer liquor. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Applied Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
Tardio J (2002) Low temperature wet oxidation and catalytic wet oxidation of specific organic compounds in highly alkaline solution (synthetic Bayer liquor). Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Applied Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
Prasad J (2004) Wet oxidation based treatments for stripped sour water from an oil shale refining process. Department of Applied Chemistry, RMIT University, Australia
Bhargava SK, Tardio J, Prasad J, Föger K, Akolekar DB, Grocott SC (2006) Ind Eng Chem Res 45(4):1221
DeBellefontaine H, Foussard JN (2000) Waste Manage 20:15
Day DC, Hudgins RR, Silveston PL (1973) Can J Chem Eng 51(6):733
Robert R, Barbati S, Ricq N, Ambrosio M (2002) Water Res 36:4821
Rivas FJ, Kolaczkowski ST, Beltran FJ, McLurgh DB (1998) Chem Eng Sci 53(14):2575
Patterson DA, Metcalfe IS, Xiong F, Livingston GA (2001) Ind Eng Chem Res 40:5517
Tardio J, Bhargava S, Eyer S, Sumich M, Akolekar D (2004) Ind Eng Chem Res 43(4):847
Mantzavinos D, Lauer E, Hellenbrand R, Livingston AG, Metcalfe IS (1997) Wat Sci Tech 36:109
Stoffler B, Luft G (1999) Chem Eng Technol 22(5):409
Imamura S, Hirano A, Kawabata N (1982) Bull Chem Soc Jpn 55(11):3679
Santos A, Yustos P, Qunitanilla A, Ruiz G, Garcia-Ochoa F (2005) App Cat B: Environ 61:323
Larachi F (2005) Top Catal 33:109
Imamura S (1999) Ind Eng Chem Res 38:1743
Imamura S, Hirano A, Kawabata N (1982) Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 21:570
Neri G, Pistone A, Milone C, Galvagno S (2002) App Cat B: Environ 38:321
Wu Q, Hu X, Yue PL, Zhao AS, Lu GQ (2001) App Cat B: Environ 32:151
Eyer S, Bhargava S, Tardio J, Akolekar D (2002) Ind Eng Chem Res 41:1166
Tardio J, Bhargava S, Eyer S, Akolekar D (2004) Ind Eng Chem Res 43(4):669
Tardio J, Bhargava S, Prasad J, Akolekar D (2005) Top Catal 32:193
Prasad J, Tardio J, Akolekar DB, Bhargava SK, Grocott SC (2004) Ind Eng Chem Res 43:6363
Prasad J, Tardio J, Jani H, Akolekar DB, Bhargava SK, Grocott SC J Hazard Mater (in press)
Jani H, Bhargava S, Tardio J, Akolekar DB, Hoang M Int J Environ Tech Manag (in press)
Grocott S, Rosenberg SP Soda in alumina: possible mechanisms for soda incorporation. Proceedings Alumina Quality Workshop, 1988, Darwin, NT
Coyne JF, Wainwright MS, Cant NW, Grocott SC (1994) Light Metals 39
Clegg RL, Armstrong LG (2005) Development of liquor purification at Alcan Gove. Proceedings of the 7th International Alumina Quality Workshop, Perth, WA
Baker C, Burnet S, Houghton P, Lewi C, Roach G WO 2006 /010218
Imamura S, Sakai T, Ikuyama T (1982) J Jpn Petrol Inst 25:74
Ragahavan NV, Leussing DL (1974) J Am Chem Soc 98:723
Agterberg FPW, Driessen WL, Reedijk J, Oevering H, Bujis W (1994) Stud Surf Sci Catal 82:639
Pokhrel D, Viraraghavan T (2004) Sci Total Environ 333(1–3):37
Jeney Z, Valtonen ET, Jeney G, Jokinen EI (1996) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 30(4):523
An W, Zhang Q, Ma Y, Chang KT (2001) Catal Today 64(3–4):289
Babuna FG, Ince O, Orhon D, Simsek A (1998) Water Res 32(11):3490
Goring DAI (1971) Lignins. Interscience, New York
Prasad CVS, Joshi JB (1987) Indian Chem Eng 29(11):46
Teletzke GH, Pradt LA (1969) Proc Ind Waste Conf, Purdue Univ 139:1195
Conard DJ, Huck PM (1996) Water Res 30(11):2776
Pearl IA (1967) The chemistry of lignin. Marcel Dekker, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhargava, S.K., Tardio, J., Jani, H. et al. Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Industrial Aqueous Streams. Catal Surv Asia 11, 70–86 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10563-007-9020-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10563-007-9020-6