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Dual Nature Cupper-Based Ionic Liquid-Assisted n-Butane Selective Oxidation with a Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst

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Abstract

Recently, global warming is proving to be an increasing challenge for the sustainable human survival on planet earth. Worldwide, researchers are putting their efforts into controlling carbon emissions and have set the aim to achieve levels of overall carbon neutrality. Different industrial processes, especially oil refinery processes, release large amounts of low-carbon alkanes as gaseous byproducts directly into the air and pollute clean environments, which is one of the major reasons for sudden climate changes, ocean acidification, loss of biodiversity, and rising sea levels. The conversion of lighter alkanes, especially n-butane, into value-added chemicals can be beneficial for green economies and green environments. Presently, heterogeneous vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts (VPOs) are considered potential candidates for n-butane selective oxidation toward maleic anhydride (MA). In this research, we developed a VPO catalyst with the assistance of copper-based ionic liquids (Cu-ILs), including [Bmim][OAc]–[Cu(OAc)2], [Bmim][Cl]–[CuCl], and [Bmim][Cl]–[CuCl2]. We observed significant improvement in the MA selectivity; meanwhile, the COx (CO and CO2) selectivity was decreased. Compared to the unpromoted catalyst (Blank-VPO), the Cu-IL-promoted catalyst, i.e., [Bmim][Cl]–[CuCl2]-VPO remarkably increased the MA selectivity (11%) and n-butane conversion (9.2%) and minimized the COx selectivity (11%). In addition to this the ratio of CO/CO2 has been reduced from 2.01 to 1.32. Therefore, this can be a helpful process for achieving carbon neutrality goals.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206803), the Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture of Chinese Academy of Science (IAGM2020C17), Supported by the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (Grant. YLU-DNL Fund 2021016) and K. C. Wong Education Foundation (No. GJTD-2018-04).The authors are grateful for the assistance from teachers Guizhen Jin, Wu Hui, Wang Ling and Zhou Na of Analysis and Test Center, Institution of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Muhammad Faizan, Ruirui Zhang & Ruixia Liu

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Muhammad Faizan & Ruixia Liu

  3. Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, 450000, People’s Republic of China

    Ruixia Liu

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  1. Muhammad Faizan
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  2. Ruirui Zhang
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  3. Ruixia Liu
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Correspondence to Ruixia Liu.

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Faizan, M., Zhang, R. & Liu, R. Dual Nature Cupper-Based Ionic Liquid-Assisted n-Butane Selective Oxidation with a Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst. Catal Lett 153, 271–284 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-03962-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-03962-z

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