Abstract
An efficient and recyclable catalyst, namely phosphomolybdenum-based sulfonated ionic liquids (ILs) functionalized MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic framework (AIL/HPMo/MIL-100(Fe)), was developed for the production of biodiesel via the transesterification-esterifications of acidic oils. For this goal, the MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic framework (MOF) was initially modified with phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo), and then the acidic ionic liquid (AIL) was immobilized on the prepared HPMo/MIL-100(Fe) composite through ion-exchange of 1-(propyl-3-sulfonate)imidazolium hydrogen sulfate with HPMo. The as-developed AIL/HPMo/MIL-100(Fe) catalyst possessed enhanced surface acidities, endowing the merits of Lewis and Brönsted acids with a heterogeneous microreactor of MOFs and favoring the better catalytic performance. The characterization results corroborated that the polyoxometalate-based ILs were incorporated into the MIL-100(Fe), and the porous structure of the MIL-100(Fe) maintained nearly unchangeable after the synthesis processes. The AIL/HPMo/MIL-100(Fe) catalyst could perform simultaneous transesterification of soybean oil and esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) with long-term catalytic durability. The conversion of acidic oils using this solid catalyst gave 92.3% oil conversion for the transesterification of soybean oil and full FFA conversion for the esterification of FFAs with the methanol/oil molar ratio of 30:1 at 120 °C, showing potential applications for the production of biodiesel particularly from acidic oil feedstocks.
Graphical Abstract
Synopsis: Phosphomolybdenum-based sulfonated ionic liquids (ILs) functionalized MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic framework composites are fabricated and then utilized as efficient and recyclable catalysts for the production of biodiesel via one-pot transesterification-esterifications of acidic oils.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21776062) and the Key Scientific Projects of Universities in Henan Province of China (Grant No. 19zx002).
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Xie, W., Wan, F. Biodiesel Production from Acidic Oils Using Polyoxometalate-Based Sulfonated Ionic Liquids Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks. Catal Lett 149, 2916–2929 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02800-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02800-z