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Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water: A Comprehensive Review

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Abstract

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have emerged as one of the most versatile tools in organic chemistry. Extensive efforts were made to adapt these reactions to aqueous media, not only for the purpose of environmental conservation but also to expand the scope, increase the efficiency and implement bio-compatible protocols. Among different palladium cross-coupling reactions, the Heck reaction turned out to be the most challenging in an aqueous environment. This led to various original developments in catalyst design. This review summarizes the different approaches pursued to perform Heck reactions in neat water as well as aqueous mixtures. Both, homogeneous and immobilized catalysts, including nanoparticles are presented herein.

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Acknowledgements

TRW thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation “Grant 200020 162348” for financial support.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BRP Rosental 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland

    Fadri Christoffel & Thomas R. Ward

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Christoffel, F., Ward, T.R. Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water: A Comprehensive Review. Catal Lett 148, 489–511 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-017-2285-0

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