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Modeling Ceria-Based Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Related Applications

  • Perspectives
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Abstract

Ceria (CeO2) is used as support material in heterogeneous catalysts since decades and, recently, ceria itself was also demonstrated to be catalytically active for some reactions. Atomistic and electronic structure details of the functioning of ceria in catalysis can nowadays be successfully uncovered with the help of computational modeling based on the density functional theory (DFT). Yet, the majority of such computational studies undertaken so far relied on extended models of surfaces, which are adequate for the description of surface science processes and phenomena, but neglect the nanostructured nature of ceria in many catalysts. This Perspective focuses on discussing DFT calculations of various nanostructured models of ceria and its composites relevant for catalysis. Pivotal consequences of ceria nanostructuring for its role in catalysts derived from the computational studies are documented and supported by experimental results. The presented case studies shed light on several actively debating issues of ceria usage in catalysis and other applications. For instance: What makes ceria nanoparticles in a certain size range dramatically more reactive in oxidative processes? Is the oxygen storage capacity of ceria solely due to its ability to easily form and heal oxygen vacancies or do alternative mechanisms also operate at the nanoscale? How prone are metal particles deposited on ceria to sintering or dispersion and how is this interplay controlled by the nanostructuring of the support? Under what conditions will the transfer of lattice oxygen atoms from ceria support to the metal particles deposited thereon become energetically favorable? How can the electron transfer across the metal-ceria interface be measured and its peculiarities rationalized? The discussed examples show that accounting for ceria nanostructuring in catalysts is essential for performing trustworthy computational modeling. Such realistic description is possible thanks to a variety of the recently developed dedicated models representative of ceria at the nanoscale.

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Abbreviations

DFT:

Density functional theory

EMSI:

Electronic metal-support interaction

E ad :

Adsorption energy

Ef(Ovac):

Oxygen vacancy formation energy

ΔESA :

Self assembly energy

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

GGA:

Generalized gradient approximation

GGA + U:

Generalized gradient approximation including the Hubbard +U correction

HSE06:

Exchange–correlation functional by Heyd et al. [1, 2]

IP:

Interatomic potential

IR:

Infrared

LDA:

Local density approximation

LDA + U:

Local density approximation including the +U correction

LEED:

Low-energy electron diffraction

M:

Metal

MSI:

Metal-support interaction

NP:

Nanoparticle

OSC:

Oxygen storage capacity

Ovac :

Oxygen vacancy

PW91:

Exchange–correlation functional by Perdew and Wang [3]

PW91 + 4:

Exchange–correlation functional by Perdew and Wang corrected with a Hubbard U value of 4 eV

RPES:

Resonant photoemission spectroscopy

SAC:

Single-atom catalyst

SMSI:

Strong metal-support interaction

SOFC:

Solid-oxide fuel cell

SRPES:

Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy

STM:

Scanning tunneling microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TPD:

Temperature programmed desorption

TPR:

Temperature programmed reduction

UHV:

Ultrahigh vacuum

WGS:

Water gas shift

XRD:

X-Ray diffraction

XPS:

X-Ray photoemission spectroscopy

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Acknowledgments

During the modeling studies of ceria-based materials over the last decade the authors enjoyed very fruitful collaborations with many colleagues from various countries mentioned in the references of the joint publications. We are deeply indebted to each of them for the inspiration, creativity and invaluable contributions. This work was supported by the European Community (FP7-NMP.2012.1.1-1 project ChipCAT, Reference No. 310191), Spanish MINECO (grants CTQ2012-34969 and CTQ2015-64618-R co-funded by FEDER) and Generalitat de Catalunya (grants 2014SGR97 and XRQTC). The authors acknowledge support from the COST Action CM1104 “Reducible oxide chemistry, structure and functions”. Computer resources, technical expertise and assistance were partly provided by the Red Española de Supercomputación. A.B. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/Marie Curie Actions/Grant no. 626764 (Nano-DeSign).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Albert Bruix

  2. Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Konstantin M. Neyman

  3. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain

    Konstantin M. Neyman

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Bruix, A., Neyman, K.M. Modeling Ceria-Based Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Related Applications. Catal Lett 146, 2053–2080 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-016-1799-1

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