Abstract
Solvent effects in the enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl benzoylformate (EBF) to (R)-ethyl mandelate over (−)-cinchonidine (CD)-modified Pt/Al2O3 catalyst were studied in a semi-batch reactor. Solvents of different nature were used: protic (2-propanol, 1-propanol, 1-octanol and ethanol), aprotic polar (methyl acetate, acetone, ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran) and apolar solvents (methyl cyclohexane and toluene). The effects of pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures on hydrogenation rates and enantioselectivity were investigated. The highest enantiomeric excess (ee) of 72 % was obtained in ethyl acetate, decreasing nonlinearly with increasing dielectric constant (ε) being close to 20 % in ethanol. The highest value of the initial hydrogenation rate was obtained in the apolar solvents (21 mmol dm−3 min−1g −1cat ) while the lowest one was observed in tetrahydrofuran (2 mmol dm−3 min−1 g −1cat ). A kinetic model was proposed for the enantioselectivity dependence on dielectric constant based on Kirkwood treatment. The non-linear dependence of ee on (ε) was included in the model to describe quantitatively the variation of ee in different solvents. The results showed a good fit for ee as a function of ε.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Orito Y, Imai S, Niwa S (1979) Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 8:1118
Bártok M, Felföldi K, Török B, Bártok T (1998) Chem Commun 23:2605
Sutyinszki M, Szöri K, Felföldi K, Bartók M (2002) Catal Commun 3:125
Diezi S, Reinmann S, Bonalumi N, Mallat T, Baiker A (2006) J Catal 239:255
Szőllősi G, Cserényi S, Füllöp F, Bartók M (2008) J Catal 260:245
Mäki-Arvela P, Hájek J, Salmi T, Murzin DYu (2005) Appl Catal A 292:1
Santori GF, Moglioni AG, Vetere V, Moltrasio Iglesias GY, Casella ML, Ferretti OA (2004) Appl Catal A: Gen 269:215
Bertero NM, Trasarti AF, Apesteguía CR, Marchi AJ (2011) Appl Catal A 394:228
Reichardt C (1990) Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. VCH, Weinheim
Baiker A (1997) J Mol Catal A: Chem 115:473
Blaser H-U, Jalett H-P, Müller M, Studer M (1997) Catal Today 37:441
Wehrli J, Baiker A, Monti H-U, Jalett H (1989) J Mol Catal 57:245
Blaser H-U, Jalett H-P, Wiehl J (1991) J Mol Catal 68:215
Bürgi T, Baiker A (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:12920
Onsager L (1936) J Am Chem Soc 58:1486
Ferri D, Bürgi T, Baiker A (2000) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2:221
Orito Y, Imai S, Niwa S (1980) J Chem Soc Jpn 37:670
Schürch M, Schwalm O, Mallat T, Weber J, Baiker A (1997) J Catal 169:275
Zuo X, Liu H, Tian J (2000) J Mol Catal A: Chem 157:217
Toukoniitty E, Mäki-Arvela P, Nieminen V, Hotokka M, Päivärinta J, Salm T, Murzin DYu (2002) In: Morrell DG (ed) Catalysis of organic reactions. CRC, Boca Raton
Toukoniitty E, Mäki-Arvela P, Kuusisto J, Nieminen V, Päivärinta J, Hotokka M, Salmi T, Murzin DYu (2003) J Mol Catal A: Chem 192:135
Toukoniitty E, Wärnå J, Murzin DYu, Salmi T (2010) Chem Eng Sci 65:1076
Blaser H-U, Jalett HP, Monti DM, Baiker A, Wehrli JT (1991) In: Sleight A, Grasselli R (eds) Structure–activity and selectivity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 147
Toukoniitty E, Ševčíková B, Mäki-Arvela P, Wärnå J, Salmi T, Murzin DYu (2003) J Catal 213:7
Augustine R, Warner R, Melnick M (1984) J Org Chem 49:4853
Vannice M, Erley W, Ibach H (1991) Surf Sci 254:12
Avery R (1988) J Chem Soc Commun 3:153
Sexton BA, Hughes AE (1984) Surf Sci 140:227
Murzin DYu (1997) Ind Eng Chem Res 36:4784
Cakl Z, Reimann S, Schmidt E, Moreno A, Mallat T, Baiker A (2011) J Catal 280:104
Koopman PGJ, Buurmans HMA, van Kieboom APG, Bekkum H, Recueil JR (1981) Neth Chem Soc 100:156
Wauquier JP, Jungers JC (1957) Bull Soc Chim Fr 10:1280
Blaser H-U, Jalett H, Monti D, Reber J, Wehrli J (1988) In: Guisnet M et al (eds) Heterogeneous catalysis and fine chemicals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 153
Bartók M, Sutyinszki M, Bucsi I, Felföldi K, Szöllösi G, Bartha F, Bartók T (2005) J Catal 231:33
Von Arx M, Mallat T, Baiker A (2001) J Catal 202:169
Minder B, Mallat T, Skrabal P, Baiker A (1994) Catal Lett 29:115
Pereñigueza R, Santarossa G, Mallat T, Baiker A (2012) J Mol Catal A: Chem 365:39
Felföldi K, Varga T, Forgó P, Bartök M (2004) Catal Lett 97:65
Vargas A, Hoxha F, Bonalumi N, Mallat T, Baiker A (2006) J Catal 240:203
Laidler KJ (1987) Chemical kinetics. Harper & Row, New York
Acknowledgments
This work is part of the activities at the Åbo Akademi Process Chemistry Centre (ÅA-PCC) within the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme (2000–2011) appointed by the Academy of Finland.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martin, G., Mäki-Arvela, P., Murzin, D.Y. et al. Solvent Effects in the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ethyl Benzoylformate. Catal Lett 143, 1051–1060 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-013-1067-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-013-1067-6