Titanium–silica hollow spheres (TSHS) with a mesoporous shell were synthesized using an inverse multiple oil–water–oil (O/W/O) emulsion. These novel materials show interesting potential for catalysis. Excellent catalytic performance was found in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert-butylhydroperoxide. The investigation of the titanium environment by UV–vis, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy showed that at low Ti loading only isolated species are present and catalytic measurements demonstrated that these species are the active sites for this reaction. At higher loading Ti–O–Ti microdomains are present and they do not exhibit any significant catalytic activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Dusi T. Mallat A. Baiker (2000) Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 42 213 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsFyqtL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1081/CR-100100262
J. Gao Y. Chen B. Han Z. Feng C. Li N. Zhou S. Gao Z. Xi (2004) J. Mol. Catal. A 210 197 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsFSmsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.molcata.2003.09.018
X.T. Gao I.E. Wachs (1999) Catal. Today 51 233 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtFKitrY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00048-6
B. Notari (1993) Catal. Today 18 163 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhtFOrt7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(93)85029-Y
L.Y. Chen G.K. Chuah S. Jaenicke (1998) Catal. Lett. 50 107 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitF2itbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1019054732567
Z. Shan E. Gianotti J.C. Jansen J.A. Peters L. Marchese T. Maschmeyer (2001) Chem. Eur. J. 7 1437 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXis1Oqurk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/1521-3765(20010401)7:7<1437::AID-CHEM1437>3.0.CO;2-M
C. Lamberti S. Bordiga A. Zecchina A. Carati A.N. Fitch G. Artioli G. Pedrini M. Salvalaggio G.L. Marra (1999) J. Catal. 183 222 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXislelu7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1999.2403
C. Li G. Xiong Q. Xin J.K. Liu P.L. Ying Z.C. Feng J. Li W.B. Yang Y.Z. Zang G.R. Wang X.Y. Liu M. Lin X.Q. Wang E.Z. Min (1999) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 38 2220 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltFGlsrY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990802)38:15<2220::AID-ANIE2220>3.0.CO;2-G
G. Tozzola M.A. Mantegazza G. Ranghino G. Petrini S. Bordina G. Ricchiardi C. Lambertini R. Zulian A. Zecchina (1998) J. Catal. 179 64 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmsV2js7g%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/jcat.1998.2205
D. Scarano A. Zecchina S. Bordiga F. Geobaldo G. Spoto G. Petrini G. Leofanti M. Padovan G. Tozzola (1993) J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 4123 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhtF2ltbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1039/ft9938904123
S. Bordiga S. Coluccia C. Lamberti L. Marchese A. Zecchina F. Boscherini F. Buffa F. Genoni G. Leofanti G. Petrini G. Vlaic (1994) J. Phys. Chem. 98 4125 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitlSmur0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/j100066a036
G. Ricchiardi A. Damin S. Bordiga C. Lamberti G. Spano F. Rivetti A. Zecchina (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 11409 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnvVGntbc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja010607v
M. Schraml-Marth K.L. Walther A. Wokaun B.E. Handy A. Baiker (1992) J. Non-Cryst. Solids 143 93 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XksFCnsro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-3093(05)80557-5
H. Ringsdorf B. Schlarb J. Venzmer (1999) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 121 1389
M.S. Wendland S.C. Zimmerman (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 1389 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFCgtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja983097m
F. Curaso X. Shi R.A. Curaso A. Susha (2001) Adv. Mater. 13 740 Occurrence Handle10.1002/1521-4095(200105)13:10<740::AID-ADMA740>3.0.CO;2-6
A. Imhot D.J. Ping (1997) Nature 389 948 Occurrence Handle10.1038/40105
Y. Lu H. Fan A. Stump T.L. Ward T. Reiker C.J. Brinker (1999) Nature 398 223 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVGltb8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1038/18410
W.J. Li M.-O. Coppens (2005) Chem. Mater. 17 2241 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivVeku74%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/cm048486w
K. Kosuge P. Singh (1999) J. Phys. Chem. B 103 3563 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitlKrtLk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/jp9847843
W.J. Li X.X. Sha W.J. Dong Z.C. Wang (2002) Chem. Commun. 20 2434 Occurrence Handle10.1039/b206020e Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnslGqt70%3D
R.A. Sheldon (1980) J. Mol. Catal. 7 107 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXhsleksbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-5102(80)85010-3
G. Petrini A. Cesana G. Alberti ParticleDe F. Genoni G. Leofanti M. Paclovan G. Paparatto P. Rofia (1991) Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 68 761 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlvFSlu7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0167-2991(08)62710-X
L. Marchese E. Gianotti V. Dellarocca T. Maschmeyer F. Rey S. Coluccia J.M. Thomas (1999) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1 585 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtV2it70%3D Occurrence Handle10.1039/a808225a
J.Q. Yu Z.C. Feng L. Xu M.J. Li Q. Xin Z.M. Liu C. Li (2001) Chem. Mater. 13 994 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtl2ksb0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/cm000758h
W. Zhang M. Froba J. Wang P.T. Tanev J. Wong T.J. Pinnavaia (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 9164 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtF2itr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja960594z
J. Klaas G. Schulz-Ekloff N.I. Jaeger (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B 101 1305 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXht1Ogt7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/jp9627133
M.D.C. Dutoit, M. Schneider and A. Baiker, J. Catal. 1995, 153,165; S. Klein, S. Thorimbert and W. F. Maier, J. Catal. 163 (1996) 476.
A. Corma (1997) Chem. Rev. 97 2373 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlvVyhtb8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1021/cr960406n
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baca, M., Li, W.J., Du, P. et al. Catalytic Characterization of Mesoporous Ti–Silica Hollow Spheres. Catal Lett 109, 207–210 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-006-0079-x
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-006-0079-x