Hydrosoluble palladium complexes with guanidinumphosphine ligands are active catalyst precursors for the hydrocarboxylation of styrene forming the corresponding carboxylic acids using water as a solvent. The aryl guanidinum derivative is much more stable than the alkyl derivative studied and provided high selectivity in the acids with conversions up to 96%.
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Aghmiz, A., Giménez-Pedrós, M., Masdeu-Bultó, A.M. et al. Hydrocarboxylation of Styrene in Aqueous Media with Pd-guanidinumphosphine Systems. Catal Lett 103, 191–193 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-005-7153-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-005-7153-7