Third article in a series of five works devoted to cryogenic technologies of hydrogen energy. The article discusses the features of hydrogen liquefaction, the main types of hydrogen liquefaction cycles, the use of ortho-para-converters in the production of liquid hydrogen.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. M. Arkharov, I. V. Marfenina, E. I. Mikulin, et al., Cryogenic Systems: Textbook for University Students. Volume 1. Fundamentals of Theory and Calculation [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1996).
A. M. Arkharov, I. A. Arkharov, V. P. Belyakov, et al., Cryogenic Systems: Textbook for University Students. Volume 2. Fundamentals of Designing Apparatuses, Installations, and Systems [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1999).
A. A. Aleksandrov, A. M. Arkharov, I. A. Arkharov, et al., Heat Engineering: Textbook for Universities [in Russian], Izd-vo MGTU im. N. E. Baumana, Moscow (2011).
V. P. Belyakov, Cryogenic Technique and Technology [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1983).
A. M. Arkharov and I. D. Kunis, Cryogenic Filling Systems for Launch Rocket and Space Complexes [in Russian], Izd-vo MGTU im. N. E. Baumana, Moscow (2006).
M. P. Malkov (Ed.), Handbook on Physical and Technical Foundations of Cryogenics [in Russian], Energoatomizdat, Moscow (1985).
I. V. Rozhkov, O. A. Almazov, and A. A. Il’inskii, Liquid Hydrogen Production [in Russian], Khimiya, Moscow (1967).
M. P. Malkov, A. G. Zel’dovich, A. B. Fradkov, and I. B. Danilov, Isolation of Deuterium from Hydrogen by Deep Cooling Method [in Russian], Gosatomizdat, Moscow (1961).
E. I. Mikulin, Cryogenic Engineering [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1969).
I. I. Gel’perin, A. A. Il’inskii, O. A. Almazov, and I. A. Adugin, Liquid Hydrogen [in Russian], Khimiya, Moscow (1980).
R. F. Barron, Cryogenic Systems [Russian translation], Energoatomizdat, Moscow (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 23–25, December, 2021.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bondarenko, V.L., Ilyinskaya, D.N., Kazakova, A.A. et al. Features of Hydrogen Liquefaction. Hydrogen Liquefiers. Chem Petrol Eng 57, 1020–1025 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10556-022-01040-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10556-022-01040-0