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Establishing normal reference value of carotid ultrafast pulse wave velocity and evaluating changes on coronary slow flow

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Abstract

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured by ultrafast ultrasound imaging can early evaluate arteriosclerosis. The study aimed to establish normal reference range for ufPWV in healthy adults and explore its influencing factors, and evaluate the ufPWV changes on coronary slow flow (CSF). ufPWV at the beginning and end of systole (ufPWV-BS and ufPWV-ES, respectively) was measured in healthy adults (201 cases). CSF was diagnosed based on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count during coronary angiography. ufPWV-BS and ufPWV-ES were compared between CSF (50 cases) and control groups (50 healthy age-, body mass index-, and blood pressure-matched adults). In healthy adults, average ufPWV-BS and ufPWV-ES was 5.36 ± 1.27 m/s and 6.99 ± 1.93 m/s, respectively. ufPWV-BS and ufPWV-ES positively correlated with age, body mass index, and blood pressure. ufPWV-BS and ufPWV-ES in the CSF group were higher than in the control group (ufPWV-BS, 6.05 ± 1.07 vs. 5.26 ± 0.89 m/s, P < 0.001; ufPWV-ES, 9.07 ± 1.84 vs. 6.84 ± 1.08 m/s, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that ufPWV-ES was more sensitive than ufPWV-BS. The normal reference range of ufPWV for healthy adults was established. Age, body mass index, and blood pressure were the main influencing factors. ufPWV was increased in the patients with CSF. The findings indicated that, in addition to reflecting atherosclerosis, ufPWV might also provide a basis for the noninvasive evaluation of microvascular impairment in the patients with CSF.

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Data availability

The datasets during and/or analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CSF:

Coronary slow flow

PWV:

Pulse wave velocity

ufPWV:

Ultrafast pulse wave velocity

ufPWV-BS:

Ultrafast pulse wave velocity-beginning of systole

ufPWV-ES:

Ultrafast pulse wave velocity-end of systole

cfPWV:

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity

aPWV:

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity

IMT:

Intima-media thickness

TIMI:

Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction

TFC:

TIMI frame count

cLAD:

Corrected left anterior descending coronary artery

LCx:

Left circumflex coronary artery

RCA:

Right coronary artery

BMI:

Body mass index

HR:

Heart rate

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

TG:

Triglyceride

TC:

Total cholesterol

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

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Funding

This academic study received financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Number 81871373).

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Author notes

  1. Weiwei Yang and Yonghuai Wang equally contribute to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

    Weiwei Yang

  2. Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjingbei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China

    Weiwei Yang, Yonghuai Wang, Lixin Mu, Fanxin Kong, Jun Yang & Chunyan Ma

  3. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

    Yunxia Yu & Dalin Jia

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  1. Weiwei Yang
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Contributions

CYM, WWY, YHW: Conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting and final approval of manuscript. JY, DLJ: Drafting and final approval of manuscript. YXY, LXM, FXK: Collection and interpretation of data, drafting and final approval of manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chunyan Ma.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study protocol was approved by the China Medical University Ethics Committee and complied with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.

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Yang, W., Wang, Y., Yu, Y. et al. Establishing normal reference value of carotid ultrafast pulse wave velocity and evaluating changes on coronary slow flow. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 36, 1931–1939 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-01908-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-01908-3

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