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Dermatologic adverse events related to the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib (BYL719) in patients with breast cancer

  • Epidemiology
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Abstract

Purpose

Rash develops in approximately 50% of patients receiving alpelisib for breast cancer, often requiring dose modifications. Here, we describe the clinicopathologic, laboratory, and management characteristics of alpelisib-related dermatologic adverse events (dAEs).

Methods

A single center-retrospective analysis was conducted. Data were abstracted from electronic medical records.

Results

A total of 102 patients (mean age 56 years, range 27–83) receiving alpelisib most frequently in combination with endocrine therapy (79, 77.5%) were included. We identified 41 (40.2%) patients with all-grade rash distributed primarily along the trunk (78%) and extremities (70%) that developed approximately within two weeks of treatment initiation (mean 12.8 ± 1.5 days) and lasted one-week (mean duration 7.1 ± 0.8 days). Of 29 patients with documented morphology of alpelisib-related dAEs, 26 (89.7%) had maculopapular rash. Histology showed perivascular and interface lymphocytic dermatitis. All-grade rash correlated with an increase in serum eosinophils from 2.7 to 4.4%, p < 0.05, and prophylaxis with non-sedating antihistamines (n = 43) was correlated with a reduction of grade 1/2 rash (OR 0.39, p = 0.09). Sixteen (84.2%) of 19 patients with grade 3 dAEs resulted in interruption of alpelisib, which were managed with antihistamines, topical and systemic corticosteroids. We did not observe rash recurrence in 12 (75%) patients who were re-challenged.

Conclusions

A maculopapular rash associated with increased blood eosinophils occurs frequently with alpelisib. While grade 3 rash leads to alpelisib therapy interruption, dermatologic improvement is evident with systemic corticosteroids; and most patients can continue oncologic treatment at a maintained or reduced dose upon re-challenge with alpelisib.

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Abbreviations

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

BYL719:

Alpelisib

CBC:

Complete blood count

CTCAE:

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events

dAEs:

Dermatologic adverse events

DRESS:

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EMR:

Electronic medical record

HbA1C:

Glycohemoglobin

HER2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

HER3:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-3

HR:

Hormone receptor

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase enzyme

OR:

Odds ratio

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PIK3CA:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-phosphate-3-kinase alpha catalytic subunit

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

SEM:

Standard error mean

SERD:

Selective estrogen receptor degrader

SERM:

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

SJS/TEN:

Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the patients and staff at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Funding

This work was funded in part through the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA008748. DGW is supported by a Medical Scientist Training Program grant from the NIH (T32GM007739) to the Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program.

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Author notes

  1. Diana G. Wang and Dulce M. Barrios have authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 60th St Outpatient Center; 16 East 60th St, New York, NY, 10022, USA

    Diana G. Wang, Dulce M. Barrios, Victoria S. Blinder, Jacqueline F. Bromberg, Pamela R. Drullinsky, Samuel A. Funt, Komal L. Jhaveri, Diana E. Lake, Tomas Lyons, Shanu Modi, Pedram Razavi, Tiffany A. Traina, Linda T. Vahdat & Mario E. Lacouture

  2. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Diana G. Wang

  3. Novartis, East Hanover, NJ, USA

    Michelle Sidel

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Correspondence to Mario E. Lacouture.

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Conflict of interest

DGW declares no conflicts of interest. DMB declares no conflicts of interest. VSB declares consulting/advisory agreements with Pfizer and Anthem Foundation. VSB receives research funding from the NIH (5 R37 CA214785). JFB declares no conflicts of interest. PRD declares no conflicts of interest. SAF receives research funding from Genentech/Roche, AstraZeneca, and Decibel Therapeutics. SAF has stock/equity ownership in Urogen Pharma, Allogene Therapeutics, Kronos Bio, Vida Ventures, Kite Pharma, and Neogene Therapeutics. KLJ declares consulting/advisory board roles with Novartis, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, ADC Therapeutics, Pfizer, BMS, Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Jounce Therapeutics, Taiho, Oncology, Genentech, Synthon, Lilly Pharmaceuticals, and Intellisphere. KLJ receives research funding from Novartis, Clovis Oncology, Genentech, Astra Zeneca, ADC Therapeutics, Novita Pharmaceuticals, Debio Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Lilly Pharmaceuticals, Zymeworks, Immunomedics, and Puma Biotechnology. DEL declares no conflicts of interest. TL declares no conflicts of interest. SM declares consulting/advisory agreements with Daiichi Sankyo, Carrick, Eli Lilly, Genentech, MacroGenics, and GSK Speakers Bureau Genetech. SM receives research support from Novartis, Genentech, Astra Zeneca/ MedImmune, Seattle Genetics, and Daiichi Sankyo. PR declares a consulting/advisory agreement with Novartis. PR receives institutional research support from Illumina and GRAIL. MS is an employee of Novartis. TAT declares consulting/advisory agreements with Genentech/Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Merck, Puma, Advaxis, Celgene, Innocrin, Genomic Health, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Samsung, Athenex, Aduro Biotech, Halozyme, Daiichi Sankyo, Ionis. TT receives research funding from Eisai, Pfizer, Novartis, Innocrin, AstraZeneca, Astellas, Immunomedics, Genentech, Daiichi, and Carrick. LTV declares no conflicts of interest. MEL declares a consulting/advisory agreement with Novartis.

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Our retrospective research study was approved by and in accordance with the ethical standards of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center’s Institutional Review Board committee (Protocol # 16-458). This article does not contain any studies with human or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Wang, D.G., Barrios, D.M., Blinder, V.S. et al. Dermatologic adverse events related to the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib (BYL719) in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 183, 227–237 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-020-05726-y

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