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Turbulent Heat and Momentum Exchange in Nocturnal Drainage Flow Through a Sloped Vineyard

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Abstract

High-frequency measurements are available at five heights within and above a row-gap trellised vineyard located on a 7\(^{\circ }\) slope in the Southern Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada. During a 3-week campaign in July 2016, approximately 17% of the nocturnal conditions exhibit drainage flow along the local slope. Drainage conditions are characterized by temperature inversions beginning around \(z/h_c = 0.39\), where z is the height above ground level (a.g.l.) and \(h_c\) is the canopy height (2.3 m a.g.l.), and near-surface lapses. Changes in the sign of the streamwise momentum flux suggest the presence of a jet maximum around \(z/h_c = 1.65\), while a weak inflection point is observed near the canopy top, suggesting dynamical influences from both the drainage layer and canopy layer on the turbulent flow field. The largest observed fluxes in both the streamwise momentum flux and the turbulent sensible heat flux are near the top of the canopy, consistent with the location of the inflection point. Calculated two-point length scales from along-slope distributed temperature measurements reveal that turbulent structures are smallest near the canopy top. Conditional sampling of the three-dimensional velocity components and temperature indicate that a large fraction of canopy-layer transport is driven by canopy top turbulence, with sweeps dominating over ejections, particularly at \(z/h_c = 0.65\).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the owner and staff of the Burrowing Owl Estate Winery for allowing our use of the vineyard during the field campaign. We would also like to thank Paul Skaloud and technical staff at UBC who helped with the logistics of the field campaign, and Drs. Andrew Black, Marco Giometto, Rob Stoll, and Andrew Sturman, who provided valuable insight relevent to this study. Selected equipment was supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (Grant #33600, Christen) and NSERC RTI (Christen). Financial support through scholarships and training were provided by UBC Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies and UBC Faculty of Arts. This research was partially supported by a Discovery Grant of the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by the National Science Foundation (NSF-PDM-1848019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Kelsey A. Everard

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA

    Holly J. Oldroyd

  3. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Environmental Meteorology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Andreas Christen

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  1. Kelsey A. Everard
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Correspondence to Kelsey A. Everard.

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Everard, K.A., Oldroyd, H.J. & Christen, A. Turbulent Heat and Momentum Exchange in Nocturnal Drainage Flow Through a Sloped Vineyard. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 175, 1–23 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00491-y

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