Abstract
A low-temperature bonding method for microfabrication of quartz microfluidic chips has been developed. The bonding process involved two steps: pre-bonding and post-annealing at low temperature. The bonding quality was evaluated by measuring the shear force at bonding interface and the electrical properties of the chips. Shear force of 5.66 MPa (566 N/cm2) was obtained in a bonded chip after a post-annealing at 200∘C for 6 h. We owe the strong bonding strength to the formation of Si–O–Si bonds at the bonding interface during the post-annealing stage. The bonding procedures were not sensitive to surrounding and could be performed in a routine laboratory without clean room conditions. The performance of the fabricated microfluidic chips was tested by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of serum lipoproteins with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins in the serum was separated completely by using tricine buffer with methylglucamine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Berthold, B. Jacoby, and M.J. Vellekoop, Sensors and Actuators A-Physics 68, 410 (1998).
Y. Bertholet, F. Iker, J.P. Raskin, and T. Pardoen, Sensors and Actuators A-Physics 110, 157 (2004).
J.S. Buch, C. Kimball, F. Rosenberger, W.E., Jr. Highsmith, D.L. DeVoe, and C.S. Lee, Analytical Chemistry 76, 874 (2004).
L. Ceriotti, T. Shibata, B. Folmer, B.H. Weiller, M.A. Roberts, N.F. de Rooij, and E. Verpoorte, Electrophoresis 23, 3615 (2002).
J.F. Chen, Q.H. Jin, J.L. Zhao, and Y.S. Xu, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 17, 619 (2002).
Z. Chen, Y. Gao, R. Su, C. Li, and J. Lin, Electrophoresis 24, 3246 (2003).
C.A. Daykin, O. Corcoran, S.H. Hansen, I. Børndottir, C. Cornett, S.C. Connor, J.C. Lindon, and J.K. Nicholson, Analytical Chemistry 73, 1084 (2001).
W.T. Friedewald, R.I. Levy, and D.S. Fredrison, Clinical Chemistry 18, 499 (1972).
W.L.W. Hau, D.W. Trau, N.J. Sucher, M. Wong, and Y. Zohar, Journal of Micromechanics Microengineering 13, 272 (2003).
S. Hu and N.J. Dovichi, Analytical Chemistry 74, 2833 (2002).
Z. Huang, J.C. Sanders, C.Dunsmor, H. Ahmadzadeh, and J.P. Landers, Electrophoresis 22, 3924 (2001).
R.J. Jackman, T.M. Floyd, R. Ghodssi, M.A. Schmidt, and K.F. Jensen, Journal of Micromechanics Microengineering 11, 263 (2001).
Z.J. Jia, Q. Fang, and Z.L. Fang, Analytical Chemistry 76, 5597(2004).
T.S. Kahlon, L.A. Glines, and F.T. Lindgren, Methods in Enzymology 129, 26 (1986).
E. Leclerc, Y. Sakai, and T. Fujii, Biotechnol. Prog. 20, 750 (2004).
C. Li, Y. Yang, H.G. Craighead, and K.H. Lee, Electrophoresis 26, 1800 (2005).
M.F. Lopes-Virella, P. Stone, S. Ellis, and J.F. Colwell, Clinical Chemistry 23, 882 (1977).
A. Manz, N. Graber, and H.M. Widmer, Sensors and Actuators B-Chemistry 1, 244 (1990).
A. Manz, J.C. Fettinger, E. Verpoorte, H. Lüdi, H.M. Widmer, and D.J. Harrison, Trends Analytical Chemistry 10, 144 (1991).
H. Nakanishi, T. Nishimoto, M. Kanai, T. Saitoh, R. Nakamura, T. Yoshida, and S. Shoji, Sensors and Actuators A-Physics 83, 136 (2000).
T. Park, M. Lee, J. Choo, Y.S. Kim, E.K. Lee, D.J. Kim, and S.H. Lee, Applied Spectroscopie 58, 1172 (2004).
J.R. Patsch and W. Patsch, Methods in Enzymology 129, 3 (1986).
W.W.C. Quigley and N.J. Dovichi, Analytical Chemistry 76, 4645 (2004).
M.A. Schmidt, proceedings of the IEEE 86, 1575 (1998).
K. Seiler, Z. Fan, K. Fluri, and D.J. Harrison, Analytical Chemistry 66, 3485 (1994).
W.C. Sung, S.Y. Huang, P.C. Liao, G.B. Lee, C.W. Li, and S.H. Chen, Electrophoresis 24, 3648 (2003).
I. Takeshi, S. Kazuharu, and O. Seishiro, Sens. Actuator B-Chem. 81, 187 (2002).
Q.Y. Tong, G.H. Cha, R. Gafiteanu, and U. Gosele, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 3, 29 (1994).
B.H. Weiller, L. Ceriotti, T. Shibata, D. Rein, M.A. Roberts, J. Lichtenberg, J.B. German, N.F. de Rooij, and E. Verpoorte, Analytical Chemistry 74, 1702 (2002).
W.B. Yu, C.M. Tan, J. Wei, S.S. Deng, and M.L. Nai, Proceedings of 5th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference, IEEE 2003, Singapore, 294 (2003).
W.B. Yu, C.M. Tan, J. Wei, S.S. Deng, and S.M.L. Nai, Sensors and Actuators A-Physics 115, 67 (2004).
G.S. Zhuang, J. Liu, C.P. Jia, Q.H. Jin, J.L. Zhao, M.S. Yang, and H.M. Wang, Acta Chimica Sinica 11, 1003 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhuang, G., Jin, Q., Liu, J. et al. A low temperature bonding of quartz microfluidic chip for serum lipoproteins analysis. Biomed Microdevices 8, 255–261 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-006-9142-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-006-9142-z