Abstract
The ZEITLUPE (ZTL) protein is involved in the control of circadian period, hypocotyl elongation and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. The aim of the present work was the identification of the InZTL gene and localization of its mRNA in the model short-day plant Ipomoea nil. The deduced InZTL protein of 622 amino acid residues contained a LOV domain at the N-terminal part, followed by an F-box domain and six carboxy terminal kelch repeats. Amino acid sequence of InZTL showed 84 % homology with Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ZTL (McZTL) and 83 % with Arabidopsis thaliana ZTL (AtZTL). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to InZTL mRNA showed its high accumulation in the vascular bundles as well in the guard cells of the cotyledon. Immunolocalization of ZTL protein indicated a similar distribution pattern of ZTL protein as InZTL mRNAs.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- FISH:
-
fluorescence in situ hybridization
- LD:
-
long day
- PCR:
-
polymerase chain reaction
- RT-PCR:
-
reverse transcriptase PCR
- SD:
-
short day
- ZTL:
-
ZEITLUPE
References
Abd-El Baki, G.K., Siefritz, F., Man, H.M., Weiner, H., Kladenhoff, R., Kaiser, W.M.: Nitrate reductase in Zea mays under salinity. — Plant Cell Environ. 23: 515–521, 2000.
Adams, J., Kelso, R., Cooley, L.: The kelch repeat super-family of proteins: propellers of cell function. — Trends Cell Biol. 10: 17–24, 2000.
Boxall, S.F., Foster, J.M., Bohnert, J.M., Cushman, H.J., Nimmo, H.G., Hartwell, J.: Conservation and divergence of circadian clock operation in a stress-inducible Crassulacean acid metabolism species reveals clock compensation against stress. — Plant Physiol. 137: 969–82, 2005.
Briggs, W.R., Christie, J.M.: Phototropins 1 and 2: versatile plant blue-light receptors. — Trends Plant Sci. 7: 204–210, 2002.
Corlett, J.E., Wilkinson, S., Thompson, A.J.: Diurnal control of the drought-inducible putative histone H1 gene in tomato. — J. exp. Bot. 49: 945–952, 1998.
Doyle, M.R., Davis, S.J., Bastow, R.M., McWatters, H.G., Kozma-Bognar, L., Nagy, F., Millar, A.J., Amasion, R.M.: The ELF4 gene controls circadian rhythms and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. — Nature 419: 74–77, 2002.
Dunlap, J.C.: Molecular bases of circadian clocks. — Cell 96: 271–290, 1999.
Endo, M., Mochizuki, N., Suzuki, T., Nagatani, A.: CRYPTOCHROME2 in vascular bundles regulates flowering in Arabidopsis. — Plant Cell 19: 84–93, 2007.
Endo, M., Nakamura, S., Araki, T., Mochizuki, N., Nagatani, A.: Phytochrome B in the mesophyll delays flowering by suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS T expression in Arabidopsis vascular bundles. — Plant Cell 17: 1941–1952, 2005.
Fankhauser, C., Staiger, D.: Photoreceptors in Arabidopsis thaliana: light perception, signal transduction and entrainment of the endogenous clock. — Planta 216: 1–16, 2002.
Fukamatsu, Y., Mitsui, S., Yasuhara, M., Tokioka, Y., Ihara, N., Fujita, S., Kiyosue, T.: Identification of LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2)-interacting factors that can recruit LKP2 to nuclear bodies. — Plant Cell Physiol. 46: 1340–1349, 2005.
Gardner, M.J., Hubbard, K.E., Hotta, C.T., Dodd, A.N., Webb, A.A.: How plants tell the time. — Biochem. J. 397: 1–24, 2006.
Gorton, H.L., Williams, W.E., Binns, M.E., Gemmell, C.N., Leheny, E.A., Shepherd, C.A.: Circadian stomatal rhythms in epidermal peels from Vicia faba. — Plant Physiol. 90: 1329–1334, 1989.
Hall, A., Kozma-Bognar, L., Toth, R., Nagy, F., Millar, A.J.: Conditional circadian regulation of PHYTOCHROME A gene expression. — Plant Physiol. 127: 1808–1818, 2001.
Kiba, T., Henriques, R., Sakakibara, H., Chua, N.H.: Targeted degradation of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR5 by a SCFZTL complex regulates clock function and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. — Plant Cell 19: 2516–2530, 2007.
Kim, W.Y., Fujiwara, S., Suh, S.S., Kim, J., Kim, Y., Han, L., David, K., Putterill, J., Nam, H.G., Somers, D.E.: ZEITLUPE is a circadian photoreceptor stabilized by GIGANTEA in blue light. — Nature 449: 356–360, 2007.
Kim, W.Y., Hicks, K.A., Somers, D.E.: Independent roles for Early Flowering 3 and ZEITLUPE in the control of circadian timing, hypocotyl elongation and flowering time. — Plant Physiol. 139: 1557–1569, 2005.
Kinoshita, T., Shimazaki K.-I.: Biochemical evidence for the requirement of 14-3-3 protein binding in activation of the guard — cell plasma membrane H+-ATPase by blue light. — Plant Cell Physiol. 43: 1359–1365, 2002.
Kiyosue, T., Wada, M.: LKP1 (LOV kelch protein 1): a factor involved in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis. — Plant J. 23: 807–815, 2000.
Mas, P., Kim, W.Y., Somers, D.E., Kay, S.A.: Targeted degradation of TOC1 by ZTL modulates circadian function in Arabidopsis thaliana. — Nature 426: 567–570, 2003.
Oda, A., Sakuta, C., Masuda, S., Mizoguchi, T., Kamada, H., Satoh, S.: Possible involvement of leaf gibberelins in the clock-controlled expression of XP30, a gene encoding a XYLEM SAP LECTIN, in cucumber roots. — Plant Physiol. 133: 1779–1790, 2003.
Salome, P.A., McClung, C.R.: The Arabidopsis thaliana clock. — J. biol. Rhythms 19: 425–435, 2004.
Schultz, T.F., Kiyosue, T., Yanovsky, M., Wada, M., Kay, S.A.: A role for LKP2 in the circadian clock of Arabidopsis. — Plant Cell 13: 2659–2670, 2001.
Somers, D.E.: The physiology and molecular bases of the plant circadian clock. — Plant Physiol. 121: 9–19, 1999.
Somers, D.E., Devlin, P.F., Kay, S.A.: Phytochromes and cryptochromes in the entrainment of Arabidopsis circadian clock. — Science 282: 1488–1490, 1998.
Somers, D.E, Kim, W.Y, Geng, R.: The F-box protein ZEITLUPE confers dosage-dependent control on the circadian clock, photomorphogenesis, and flowering time. — Plant Cell 16: 769–782, 2004.
Somers, D.E., Schultz, T.F., Milnamow, M., Kay, S.A.: ZEITLUPE encodes a novel clock-associated PAS protein from Arabidopsis. — Cell 101: 319–329, 2000.
Takada, S., Goto, K.: TERMINAL FLOWER2, an Arabidopsis homolog of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, counteracts the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T by CONSTANS in the vascular tissues of leaves to regulate flowering time. — Plant Cell 15: 2856–2865, 2003.
Yasuhara, M., Mitsui, S., Hirano, H., Takanabe, R., Tokioka, Y., Ihara, N., Komatsu, A., Seki, M., Shinozaki, K., Kiyosue, T.: Identification of ASK clock-associated proteins as molecular partners of LKP2 (LOV kelch protein 2) in Arabidopsis. — J. exp. Bot. 55: 2015–2027, 2004.
Zeiger, E., Talbott, L.D., Frechilla, S., Srivastava, A., Zhu, J.X.: The guard cell chloroplast: a perspective for the twenty-first century. — New Phytol. 153: 415–424, 2002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Acknowledgements: We thank Prof. David Somers from The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA, for the anti-ZTL antibody. This work was supported by a UMK Grant (project 460-B).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zienkiewicz, A., Smoliński, D.J., Zienkiewicz, K. et al. Molecular and cytological characterization of ZTL in Ipomoea nil . Biol Plant 53, 435–443 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-009-0083-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-009-0083-2