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Proteomic analysis to unravel the biochemical mechanisms triggered by Bacillus toyonensis SFC 500-1E under chromium(VI) and phenol stress

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Abstract

Bacillus toyonensis SFC 500-1E is a member of the consortium SFC 500-1 able to remove Cr(VI) and simultaneously tolerate high phenol concentrations. In order to elucidate mechanisms utilized by this strain during the bioremediation process, the differential expression pattern of proteins was analyzed when it grew with or without Cr(VI) (10 mg/L) and Cr(VI) + phenol (10 and 300 mg/L), through two complementary proteomic approaches: gel-based (Gel-LC) and gel-free (shotgun) nanoUHPLC-ESI–MS/MS. A total of 400 differentially expressed proteins were identified, out of which 152 proteins were down-regulated under Cr(VI) and 205 up-regulated in the presence of Cr(VI) + phenol, suggesting the extra effort made by the strain to adapt itself and keep growing when phenol was also added. The major metabolic pathways affected include carbohydrate and energetic metabolism, followed by lipid and amino acid metabolism. Particularly interesting were also ABC transporters and the iron-siderophore transporter as well as transcriptional regulators that can bind metals. Stress-associated global response involving the expression of thioredoxins, SOS response, and chaperones appears to be crucial for the survival of this strain under treatment with both contaminants. This research not only provided a deeper understanding of B. toyonensis SFC 500-1E metabolic role in Cr(VI) and phenol bioremediation process but also allowed us to complete an overview of the consortium SFC 500-1 behavior. This may contribute to an improvement in its use as a bioremediation strategy and also provides a baseline for further research.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely acknowledge the technical assistance of Dr. Eduardo A. Callegari and his team members. They are all from Proteomics Core Facility, in the Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network (BRIN)-Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota. Besides, the authors would like to thank to Messrs. Ryan Johnson and Bill Conn from USD-IT Research Computing for their collaboration in the server maintenance and operation.

Funding

This work was supported by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), through Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT), Argentina under Grant (PICT Start up 0018/2016). MF has a postdoctoral fellowship from CONICET. EAC and MDP integrate the SD-BRIN (NIH-NIGMS), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota. PSG and EA are researchers of CONICET (Argentine).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina

    Marilina Fernandez, Paola S. González & Elizabeth Agostini

  2. CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina

    Marilina Fernandez, Paola S. González & Elizabeth Agostini

  3. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA

    Eduardo A. Callegari & María D. Paez

Authors
  1. Marilina Fernandez
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  2. Eduardo A. Callegari
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  3. María D. Paez
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  4. Paola S. González
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  5. Elizabeth Agostini
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study investigation, design of the work and conceptualization. Material preparation and electrophoresis assays were performed by MF; proteomic analyses were carried out by EAC and MDP. Data collection and analysis were performed by MF and EAC. EA, PSG and EAC contributed with Funding acquisition and Project administration. MF wrote the original draft. All authors participated of reviewing & editing. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marilina Fernandez.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

This research did not involve any human participants or animals. Bacterial strain used and analyzed in the present study was legally accessed, according to specifications and protocols of the Competent National Authority. Permission N°20376408874819 of the Secretary of Environment and Climate Change of Córdoba Province, Argentina.

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Fernandez, M., Callegari, E.A., Paez, M.D. et al. Proteomic analysis to unravel the biochemical mechanisms triggered by Bacillus toyonensis SFC 500-1E under chromium(VI) and phenol stress. Biometals 36, 1081–1108 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-023-00506-9

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