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Complexation- and ligand-induced metal release from 316L particles: importance of particle size and crystallographic structure

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Abstract

Iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese released from gas-atomized AISI 316L stainless steel powders (sized <45 and <4 μm) were investigated in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH 4.5) and in solutions of its individual inorganic and organic components to determine its most aggressive component, elucidate synergistic effects, and assess release mechanisms, in dependence of surface changes using atomic absorption spectroscopy, Raman, XPS, and voltammetry. Complexation is the main reason for metal release from 316L particles immersed in ALF. Iron was mainly released, while manganese was preferentially released as a consequence of the reduction of manganese oxide on the surface. These processes resulted in highly complexing media in a partial oxidation of trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium on the surface. The extent of metal release was partially controlled by surface properties (e.g., availability of elements on the surface and structure of the outermost surface) and partially by the complexation capacity of the different metals with the complexing agents of the different media. In general, compared to the coarse powder (<45 μm), the fine (<4 μm) powder displayed significantly higher released amounts of metals per surface area, increased with increased solution complexation capacity, while less amounts of metals were released into non-complexing solutions. Due to the ferritic structure of lower solubility for nickel of the fine powder, more nickel was released into all solutions compared with the coarser powder.

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Acknowledgments

Cusanuswerk, Germany, is highly acknowledged for the financial support of Yolanda Hedberg. The authors are members of the Stockholm Particle Group, an operative network between three universities in Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet, Royal Institute of Technology, and Stockholm University, supported by the Swedish Research Council. Instrumental grants from Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation (XPS), Jernkontoret and Carl Trygger Foundation (Voltammetric equipment) are acknowledged. The grant from Nils and Dorthi Troëdsson Foundation for the combined confocal Raman AFM equipment is gratefully acknowledged. Ashkan Reza Gholi is highly acknowledged for parts of the exposures. Prof. Paul Linhardt, Vienna University of Technology, Austria, is highly acknowledged for his scientific support.

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  1. Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Drottning Kristinas väg 51, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden

    Yolanda Hedberg, Jonas Hedberg, Yi Liu & Inger Odnevall Wallinder

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  1. Yolanda Hedberg
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Correspondence to Inger Odnevall Wallinder.

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Hedberg, Y., Hedberg, J., Liu, Y. et al. Complexation- and ligand-induced metal release from 316L particles: importance of particle size and crystallographic structure. Biometals 24, 1099–1114 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-011-9469-7

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