Abstract
Wetlands host anaerobic microbes which convert organic carbon into methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas. Wetland plants can influence which carbon compounds are available for microbial processing by exuding freshly fixed carbon from their roots. Exudation of carbon from plant roots can trigger microbial priming: the process of new carbon stimulating the microbial community into processing more soil carbon than they otherwise would have. This study utilized high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis to probe the composition of soil organic compounds from the rhizosphere of Carex aquatillis, a common wetland sedge, which is known to have stimulated microbial priming within peat soil. The goal was to identify what types of molecules were created or lost during microbial priming in the wetland rhizosphere and thus advance mechanistic understanding of the process. FT-ICR-MS analysis demonstrated that more microbial transformations of carbon occurred among water-soluble compounds than among hydrophobic compounds, but that some hydrophobic compounds were processed. Crucially for understanding microbial priming, the root exudates triggered increased processing of high molecular weight molecules regardless of nutrient content but processed low molecular weight compounds only if they contained nitrogen or sulfur, essential nutrients for plant growth. The importance of sulfur in determining molecular utilization is noteworthy because priming literature typically focuses on nitrogen-mining. The fact that some molecules were processed and others were not is evidence for a selective priming effect in which some carbon compounds with specific properties are used at an increased rate, while others are left unaltered.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Jesse Turner, Megan Nims, Olivia Hargrave, Robert Ardissono and Marina Kochuten for laboratory assistance. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-SC-0010338. A portion of this research was performed under the Facilities Integrating Collaborations for User Science (FICUS) program and used resources at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (grid.436923.9), which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and operated under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists, Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program. The SCGSR program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the DOE. ORISE is managed by ORAU under contract number DE-SC0014664. Students were additionally supported by the following fellowships and grants: UW College Of Engineering Dean’s Fellowship/Ford Motor Company Fellowship, UW CEE Valle Scholarship, UW Mary Gates Scholarship, and the Carleton College Kolenkow Reitz Fellowship.
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This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-SC-0010338. A portion of this research was performed under the Facilities Integrating Collaborations for User Science (FICUS) program and used resources at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (grid.436923.9), which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and operated under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists, Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program. The SCGSR program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the DOE. ORISE is managed by ORAU under contract number DE-SC0014664. Students were additionally supported by the following fellowships and grants: UW College of Engineering Dean’s Fellowship/Ford Motor Company Fellowship, UW CEE Valle Scholarship, UW Mary Gates Scholarship, and the Carleton College Kolenkow Reitz Fellowship.
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NBW: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing—original draft. MMT: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. CA: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. RBN: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing.
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Waldo, N.B., Tfaily, M.M., Anderton, C. et al. The importance of nutrients for microbial priming in a bog rhizosphere. Biogeochemistry 152, 271–290 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00754-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00754-2