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Diurnal variations in sulfur transformations at the chemocline of a stratified freshwater lake

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A Correction to this article was published on 28 October 2019

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Abstract

In order to characterize biogeochemical sulfur cycling in the metalimnion of a thermally stratified freshwater lake, we followed changes in the concentrations and isotopic composition of sulfur species during a 24-h period, during which the chemocline oscillated at an amplitude of 5.3 m due to internal wave activity. Hourly sampling at a fixed depth (17.1 m) enabled study of redox changes during the transition from oxic to sulfidic conditions and vice versa. The oxidation–reduction potential, pH, conductivity and turbidity correlated linearly with the water temperature (a proxy for depth relative to the chemocline). The highest concentrations of thiosulfate and sulfite were detected approximately 2.5 m below the chemocline. Concentrations of zero-valent sulfur increased ~ 10 fold when the chemocline rose into the photic zone due to phototrophic sulfide oxidation. Triple isotopic composition of sulfur species indicates a shift with depth from values typical for sulfate reduction right below the chemocline to values which may be explained by either sulfate reduction alone or by a combination of microbial sulfate reduction and microbial sulfate disproportionation. We conclude that consumption of hydrogen sulfide at the chemocline of Lake Kinneret is controlled by the combination of its chemical and/or chemotrophic oxidation to sulfur oxoanions and predominantly phototrophic oxidation to zero-valent sulfur.

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  • 28 October 2019

    In the initial online version of the article, the sampling station location “F” was missing in Fig. 1. The original article has been corrected.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the research boat skippers, Oz Tsabari-Dor and Moti Diamond. Anna Gluhov provided help during the sampling. Funding for this project to KA, AJF and AK was provided by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant Number 548/12), funding for AJF was provided by Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellowship and Kreitman Fellowship from the Ben-Gurion University.

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  1. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel

    Khoren Avetisyan, Alyssa J. Findlay & Alexey Kamyshny Jr.

  2. Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Ltd., Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, P.O. Box 447, 14950, Migdal, Israel

    Werner Eckert

  3. Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Alyssa J. Findlay

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  1. Khoren Avetisyan
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  2. Werner Eckert
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  3. Alyssa J. Findlay
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  4. Alexey Kamyshny Jr.
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Correspondence to Alexey Kamyshny Jr..

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The original version of this article has been revised: The missing sampling station location “F” in Fig. 1 has been re-included.

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Avetisyan, K., Eckert, W., Findlay, A.J. et al. Diurnal variations in sulfur transformations at the chemocline of a stratified freshwater lake. Biogeochemistry 146, 83–100 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00601-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00601-5

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