Abstract
A large-scale (19.8L) Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) operated for 592 days was used to assess the removal performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). Adjustments in hydraulic retention time (HRT) (18 and 30 h), ethanol (50, 100, 200 mg L−1) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) concentration (6.3–24.7 mg L−1) with taxonomic and functional characterization of biomass using Whole Genome Shotgun Metagenomic (WGSM) represented a major step forward for optimizing biological treatments of LAS. In addition, the variation of the upflow velocity (0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 cm s−1) was investigated, which is a parameter that had not yet been correlated with the possibilities of LAS removal in FBR. Lower Vup (0.5 cm s−1) allied to higher ethanol concentration (200 mg L−1) resulted in lower LAS removal (29%) with predominance of methanogenic archaea and genes related to methanogenesis, while higher Vup (0.9 cm s−1) led to aerobic organisms and oxidative phosphorylation genes. An intermediate Vup (0.7 cm s−1) and higher HRT (30 h) favored sulfate reducing bacteria and genes related to sulfur metabolism, which resulted in the highest LAS (83%) and COD (77%) removal efficiency.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrade MVF, Sakamoto IK, Corbi JJ, Silva EL, Varesche MBA (2017) Effects of hydraulic retention time, co-substrate and nitrogen source on laundry wastewater anionic surfactant degradation in fluidized bed reactors. Bioresource Technol 224:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.001
Angelidaki I, Sanders W (2004) Assessment of the anaerobic biodegradability of macropollutants. Rev Environ Sci BioTechnol 3(2):117–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-004-2502-3
APHA-AWWA-WEF. (2017) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 23rd edn. American Public Health Association, Washington
Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B (2014) Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30(15):2114–2120
Braga JK, Varesche MBA (2014) Commercial laundry water characterisation. Am J Anal Chem 5(01):8. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2014.51002
Braga JK, Motteran F, Macedo TZ, Sakamoto IK, Delforno TP, Okada DY, Varesche MBA (2015) Biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in commercial laundry wastewater by an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor. J Environ Sci Health Part A 50(9):946–957
Brenner DJ et al (2005) Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, 2nd edn. Springer, New York
Buchfink B, Xie C, Huson DH (2015) Fast and sensitive protein alignment using diamond. Nat Methods 12(1):59. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3176
Centurion VB, Moura AGL, Delforno TP, Okada DY, Santos VP, Varesche MBA, Oliveira VM (2018) Anaerobic co-digestion of commercial laundry wastewater and domestic sewage in a pilot-scale EGSB reactor: the influence of surfactant concentration on microbial diversity. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 127:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.11.017
Chakraborty R, O'Connor SM, Chan E, Coates JD (2005) Anaerobic degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds by Dechloromonas str ain RCB. Appl Environ Microbiol 71(12):8649–8655. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.8649-8655.2005
Delforno TP, Okada DY, Polizel J, Sakamoto IK, Varesche MBA (2012) Microbial characterization and removal of anionic surfactant in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. Bioresource Technol 107:103–109
Delforno TP, Moura AGLD, Okada DY, Varesche MBA (2014) Effect of biomass adaptation to the degradation of anionic surfactants in laundry wastewater using EGSB reactors. Bioresource Technol 154:114–121D
Delforno TP, Moura AGL, Okada DY, Sakamoto IK, Varesche MBA (2015) Microbial diversity and the implications of sulfide levels in an anaerobic reactor used to remove an anionic surfactant from laundry wastewater. Bioresource Technol 192:37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.050
Delforno TP, Lacerda GV, Sierra-Garcia IN, Okada DY, Macedo TZ, Varesche MBA, Oliveira VM (2017) Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome in three different bioreactor configurations applied to commercial laundry wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 587–588:389–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.170
Delforno TP, Macedo TZ, Midoux C, Lacerda GV Jr, Rué O, Mariadassou M, Oliveira VM (2019) Comparative metatranscriptomic analysis of anaerobic digesters treating anionic surfactant contaminated wastewater. Sci Total Environ 649:482–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.328
Delforno TP, Belgini DR, Hidalgo KJ, Centurion VB, Lacerda-Júnior GV, Duarte IC, Oliveira VM (2020) Anaerobic$$$ reactor applied to laundry wastewater treatment: unveiling the microbial community by gene and genome-centric approaches. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 149:104916
Duarte I, Oliveira LL, Buzzini AP, Adorno MAT, Varesche M (2006) Development of a method by HPLC to determine LAS and its application in anaerobic reactors. J Braz Chem Soc 17(7):1360–1367. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532006000700025
Faria CVD, Delforno TP, Okada DY, Varesche MBA (2019) Evaluation of anionic surfactant removal by anaerobic degradation of commercial laundry wastewater and domestic sewage. Environ Technol 40(8):988–996. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1414317
Granatto CF, Macedo TZ, Gerosa LE, Sakamoto IK, Silva EL, Varesche MBA (2019) Scale-up evaluation of anaerobic degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate from sanitary sewage in expanded granular sludge bed reactor. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 138:23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.12.010
Heylen K, Vanparys B, Wittebolle L, Verstraete W, Boon N, Vos P (2006) Cultivation of denitrifying bacteria: optimization of isolation conditions and diversity study. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(4):2637–2643. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2637-2643.2006
Hyatt D, Chen GL, LoCascio PF, Land ML, Larimer FW, Hauser LJ (2010) Prodigal: prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification. BMC Bioinformatics 11(1):119. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-119
Howard RA, Matheson JE (2005) Influence diagrams Decis Anal 2(3):127–143. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.1050.0020
Iza J (1991) Fluidized bed reactors for anaerobic wastewater treatment. Water Sci Technol 24(8):109–132. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0221
Kanehisa M, Goto S (2000) KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 28(1):27–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.27
Kanehisa M, Furumichi M, Tanabe M, Sato Y, Morishima K (2016) KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res 45(D1):D353–D361. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56454-6_9
Kanehisa M (2017) Kegg glycan. In: Aoki-Kinoshita KF (ed) A practical guide to using glycomics databases. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1092
Kuntze K, Shinoda Y, Moutakki H, McInerney MJ, Vogt C, Richnow HH, Boll M (2008) 6-Oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-coenzyme A hydrolases from obligately anaerobic bacteria: characterization and identification of its gene as a functional marker for aromatic compounds degrading anaerobes. Environ Microbiol 10(6):1547
Lara-Martín PA, Gómez-Parra A, Sanz JL, González-Mazo E (2010) Anaerobic degradation pathway of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in sulfate-reducing marine sediments. Environ Sci Technol 44(5):1670–1676
Li W (2009) Analysis and comparison of very large metagenomes with fast clustering and functional annotation. BMC Bioinformatics 10(1):359. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-359
Li A, Chu YN, Wang X, Ren L, Yu J, Liu X, Li S (2013) A pyrosequencing-based metagenomic study of methane-producing microbial community in solid-state biogas reactor. Biotechnol Biofuels 6(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-3
Li D, Liu CM, Luo R, Sadakane K, Lam TW (2015) MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph. Bioinformatics 31(10):1674–1676. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv033
Macedo TZ, Okada DY, Delforno TP, Braga JK, Silva EL, Varesche MBA (2015) The comparative advantages of ethanol and sucrose as co-substrates in the degradation of an anionic surfactant: microbial community selection. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 38(10):1835–1844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-015-1424-5
Macedo TZ, Delforno TP, Braga JK, Okada DY, Silva EL, Varesche MBA (2017) Robustness and microbial diversity of a fluidized bed reactor employed for the removal and degradation of an anionic surfactant from laundry wastewater. J Environ Eng 143(9):04017062. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001240
Macedo TZ, Silva EL, Sakamoto IK, Zaiat M, Varesche MBA (2019) Influence of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and ethanol on the degradation kinetics of domestic sewage in co-digestion with commercial laundry wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 42(9):1547–1558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-019-02152-3
McHugh S, Carton M, Mahony T, O’Flaherty V (2003) Methanogenic population structure in a variety of anaerobic bioreactors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 219(2):297–304
Motteran F, Nadai BM, Braga JK, Silva EL, Varesche MBA (2018) Metabolic routes involved in the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) employing linear alcohol ethoxylated and ethanol as co-substrates in enlarged scale fluidized bed reactor. Sci Total Environ 640:1411–1423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.375
Moura AGLD, Centurion VB, Okada DY, Motteran F, Delforno TP, Oliveira VM, Varesche MBA (2019) Laundry wastewater and domestic sewage pilot-scale anaerobic treatment: Microbial community resilience regarding sulfide production. J Environ Manag 251:109495
Okada DY, Delforno TP, Esteves AS, Sakamoto IK, Duarte IC, Varesche MB (2013) Optimization of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) degradation in UASB reactors by varying bioavailability of LAS, hydraulic retention time and specific organic load rate. Bioresource Technol 128:125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.073
Okada DY, Delforno TP, Etchebehere C, Varesche MB (2014) Evaluation of the microbial community of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors used for the removal and degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate by pyrosequencing. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 96:63–70
Oliveira LL, Costa RB, Okada DY, Vich DV, Duarte ICS, Silva EL, Varesche MBA (2010) Anaerobic degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in fluidized bed reactor by microbial consortia in different support materials. Bioresource Technol 101(14):5112–5122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.141
Penteado ED, Lazaro CZ, Sakamoto IK, Zaiat M (2013) Influence of seed sludge and pretreatment method on hydrogen production in packed-bed anaerobic reactors. Int J Hydrog Energy 38(14):6137–6145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.067
Postgate JR (1984) The sulphate- reducing bacteria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Quinlan AR, Hall IM (2010) BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features. Bioinformatics 26(6):841–842. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033
Ripley LE, Boyle WC, Converse JC (1986) Improved alkalimetric monitoring for anaerobic digestion of high-strength wastes. J (Water Pollut Control Feder) 58:406–411
Roalkvam I, Drønen K, Stokke R, Daae FL, Dahle H, Steen IH (2015) Physiological and genomic characterization of Arcobacter anaerophilus IR-1 reveals new metabolic features in Epsilonproteobacteria. Front Microbiol 6:987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00987
Sadowsky MJ, Bohlool BB (1986) Growth of fast-and slow-growing rhizobia on ethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 52(4):951–953
Schouten N, van der Ham LG, Euverink GJW, Haan AB (2007) Selection and evaluation of adsorbents for the removal of anionic surfactants from laundry rinsing water. Water Res 41(18):4233–4241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.044
Seo JS, Keum YS, Li Q (2009) Bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6(1):278–309. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6010278
Smith KS, Ingram-Smith C (2007) Methanosaeta, the forgotten methanogen? Trends Microbiol 15(4):150–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.002
Tamames J, Puente-Sanchez F (2018) SqueezeM, a highly portable, fully automatic metagenomic analysis pipeline. Front Microbiol 9:3349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03349
Zoetendal EG, Plugge CM, Akkermans AD, Vos WM (2003) Victivallis vadensis gen. nov., sp. Nov., a sugar-fermenting anaerobe from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53(1):211–215. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02362-0
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP Processes No. 2015/02640–2 and 2015/06246–7) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Macedo, T.Z., de Souza Dornelles, H., do Valle Marques, A.L. et al. The influence of upflow velocity and hydraulic retention time changes on taxonomic and functional characterization in Fluidized Bed Reactor treating commercial laundry wastewater in co-digestion with domestic sewage. Biodegradation 31, 73–89 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-020-09895-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-020-09895-x