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Molecular diversity analysis and bacterial population dynamics of an adapted seawater microbiota during the degradation of Tunisian zarzatine oil

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Abstract

The indigenous microbiota of polluted coastal seawater in Tunisia was enriched by increasing the concentration of zarzatine crude oil. The resulting adapted microbiota was incubated with zarzatine crude oil as the only carbon and energy source. Crude oil biodegradation capacity and bacterial population dynamics of the microbiota were evaluated every week for 28 days (day 7, day 14, day 21, and day 28). Results show that the percentage of petroleum degradation was 23.9, 32.1, 65.3, and 77.8%, respectively. At day 28, non-aromatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation rates reached 92.6 and 68.7%, respectively. Bacterial composition of the adapted microflora was analysed by 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing, using total genomic DNA extracted from the adapted microflora at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Five clone libraries were constructed and a total of 430 sequences were generated and grouped into OTUs using the ARB software package. Phylogenetic analysis of the adapted microbiota shows the presence of four phylogenetic groups: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Diversity indices show a clear decrease in bacterial diversity of the adapted microflora according to the incubation time. The Proteobacteria are the most predominant (>80%) at day 7, day 14 and day 21 but not at day 28 for which the microbiota was reduced to only one OTU affiliated with the genus Kocuria of the Actinobacteria. This study shows that the degradation of zarzatine crude oil components depends on the activity of a specialized and dynamic seawater consortium composed of different phylogenetic taxa depending on the substrate complexity.

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Abbreviations

AH:

Aromatic hydrocarbon

AM:

Adapted Microbiota

NAH:

Non-aromatic hydrocarbon

TPH:

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon

UCM:

Unresolved complex mixture

ZCO:

Zarzatine crude oil

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Acknowledgments

We thank STIR refinery employees of Bizerte for their help in seawater sampling. Chromatography analyses were performed in the laboratory of Biochemistry and Mass spectrometry at the Monastir Medical School Tunisia. We thank Sebastien Chaussonnerie for his help in sequence analyses and the CEA-Genoscope sequencing team for their technical assistance. We thank Suzan Cure for the reading of the manuscript. We are grateful to Rémy Marchal, Institut Français de Pétrole, France, for his help and his continuous encouragement. This study was partly supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Scientific Research and Biotechnology of Tunisia and the University of Monastir.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l’Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia

    Ines Zrafi-Nouira, Amina Bakhrouf & Dalila Saidane-Mosbahi

  2. CNRS-UMR 8030, Evry, France

    Sonda Guermazi, Eric Pelletier & Abdelghani Sghir

  3. CEA-Genoscope, Evry, France

    Sonda Guermazi, Eric Pelletier & Abdelghani Sghir

  4. Université d’Evry Val d’Essonne, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France

    Sonda Guermazi & Abdelghani Sghir

  5. Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université 7 Novembre à Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia

    Rakia Chouari

  6. Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany

    Nimer M. D. Safi

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  1. Ines Zrafi-Nouira
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  2. Sonda Guermazi
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Correspondence to Ines Zrafi-Nouira.

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Zrafi-Nouira, I., Guermazi, S., Chouari, R. et al. Molecular diversity analysis and bacterial population dynamics of an adapted seawater microbiota during the degradation of Tunisian zarzatine oil. Biodegradation 20, 467–486 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-008-9235-x

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