Abstract
One of the most important steps in identifying priority areas for conservation is the assessment of species richness and their extinction risks. While most species remain undescribed, the identification of cryptic lineages is frequent in phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. This is particularly common in troglobites, exclusively subterranean organisms. The Jandaíra Formation, in the Brazilian semiarid, combines the occurrence of extensive karstic areas with hundreds of caves and subterranean aquifers in a region with intense paleoclimatic changes. This region is recognized for the richness of troglobitic species, some of which are widely distributed in heterogeneous areas. This suggests cryptic lineages that can be differentially exposed to anthropogenic threats, with distinct extinction risks regarding the nominal taxa of which they putatively belong. To test it, a large sampling was conducted and, by means of lineage delimitation analyses, the genetic structure of four troglobitic taxa, three aquatic and one terrestrial, was evaluated. In addition, the extinction risk of these lineages was assessed and priority areas for conservation were identified. The results indicated that while Cirolanidae sp. 1 (Isopoda) is a single species widely distributed, Cirolanidae sp. 2, Potiberaba porakuara (Amphipoda) and Kinnapotiguara troglobia (Hemiptera) present an extensive diversity of cryptic and endemic lineages, most of which are likely new threatened species. Furthermore, two priority areas for conservation of these lineages were identified. Thus, comparative phylogeography may represent a first step in the conservation of subterranean taxa, indicating areas that should be prioritized in a context of increasing threats and dwindling conservation resources.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução (PPGSE/UFRN), Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva (LISE/UFRN), Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea (CEBS/UFLA), Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV-DS) and Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas (ICMBio/Cecav) for providing infrastructure for the development of this study; to Marconi Silva, Iatagan Freitas, Daniel Mendonça, Matheus Rocha, Valéria Vale, Carol Puppin, Nathália Kaluana, Ana Bennemann, Yasmin Costa, Yuri Abrantes, Lindsey Hellmann and Geilson Góis for helping with the collections; We also thank Dr. Antonio Mateo Solé Cava, Dra. Lívia Medeiros Cordeiro, Dr. Sandro Santos and Dra. Christiane Ramos Donato for contributions to previous versions of the manuscript. The collection permit 54334 was granted by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). The access to genetic heritage was duly registered in the Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado (SISGEN) under the number AA22F38.
Funding
This research was funded by Term of Commitment of Speleological Compensation (TCCE) 01/2018, signed between ICMBio and Vale S.A. and with resource management by the Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade (IABS). Authors RLF and SMQL are grateful to the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for the grant provided (CNPq n. 302925/2022-8 and 312066/2021-0, respectively). Part of the analyses were made possible through support by the Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV-DS, project “Cavidades - RBRS000603.84”).
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D.M.B., R.L.F. and S.M.Q.L. contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by DMB and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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de Medeiros Bento, D., Ferreira, R.L., Vasconcelos, S. et al. Before it’s too late: priority areas for conservation of cryptic and threatened species of troglobitic arthropods in the Brazilian semiarid. Biodivers Conserv (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02833-w
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Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02833-w