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Taxonomic and functional responses of bats to habitat flooding by an Amazonian mega-dam

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Abstract

Hydroelectric dams are among the main cause of anthropogenic impacts in tropical environments. Damming interrupts the continuity of the river and produces the flooding of adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the negative effects on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, studies of the impacts of hydroelectric dams on species and community functional responses to flooding are scarce. Here, we evaluated the effects of river damming on taxonomic and functional diversity of phyllostomid bats sampled before (flooded sites) and after (unflooded sites) the construction of a mega hydroelectric dam in the southwestern of the Brazilian Amazon. The flooding of the lowlands significantly increased the taxonomic and functional α-diversity, as well as the species- and the community-level functional uniqueness of the bat assemblages, reflecting a reduction in the abundance of functional redundant species. Based on functional trait composition, we detected an increase in the frequency of animalivorous bats, and a reduction in phytophagous bats. Pre- and post-dam temporal differences show that functional β-diversity shifts were more determined by replacement of traits weighted by species abundance than by the loss or gain of traits. Functional traits linked to trophic level, body mass, and diet proved to be powerful indicators of the bat community’s responses to temporal changes caused by run-of-the-river dams, which degrade riparian and várzea forests. Plans to expand the electric power matrix in Brazil include the construction of several dams, potentially flooding large areas of várzea forests. We demonstrate the importance of the várzea and the riparian forests to phytophagous bats to guarantee the ecological functions they perform.

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Availability of data and material

The data and metadata of the species captured are deposited in the public repository of the Brazilian Biodiversity Research Program (PPBio): https://ppbiodata.inpa.gov.br/metacatui/#view/PPBioAmOc.87.4. The data can be accessed by title “Bat species (Chiroptera) captured in 49 sampling plots in the upper River Madeira - Rondonia, Brazil” or key words “Chiroptera”, “Madeira River”, and “Rondônia”.

Code Availability

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Santo Antônio Energia, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Fundação Amazônica de Defesa da Biosfera, and to Eduardo L. Sábato from SETE Soluções e Tecnologia Ambiental for providing facilities to the development of this study. P. Bobrowiec was supported by a postdoctoral scholarship provided by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas/Programa de Apoio à Fixação de Doutores no Amazonas (FAPEAM/FIXAM) and Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado/Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD/CAPES), V. Tavares was supported by postdoctoral scholarships Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas/Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PRO-DPD/AM - PPGSS) and PNPD/CAPES, and F. Z. Farneda was supported by a postdoctoral scholarship from Programa Institucional de Internacionalização (PrInt/CAPES). V. Tavares is grateful to Fernando A. Perini (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) and Pedro C. Estrela (Universidade Federal da Paraíba) for housing her at their labs during different stages dedicated to this research. We are very grateful to several people involved in different stages of fieldwork. We thank to anonymous reviewers for commenting on drafts of the paper.

Funding

This work was supported by Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Santo Antônio Energia, Fundação Amazônica de Defesa da Biosfera, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas. All funding of this research were closed when the manuscript was submitted to the journal Biodiversity and Conservation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec

  2. Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia

    Fábio Z. Farneda

  3. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Carla Clarissa Nobre

  4. Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil

    Valéria da Cunha Tavares

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Zoologia), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

    Valéria da Cunha Tavares

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  1. Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec
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  3. Carla Clarissa Nobre
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  4. Valéria da Cunha Tavares
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Contributions

Paulo E. D. Bobrowiec: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing. Fábio Z. Farneda: Formal analysis, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing. Carla C. Nobre: Investigation. Valéria C. Tavares: Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing.

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Correspondence to Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

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This study was undertaken under licenses for scientific purposes (capture, collection, and transport of specimens) from Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) (Procedure number 02001.000965/2008-83, Permit number 259/2009).

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Experienced investigators handled all captured bats. We followed the guidelines approved by the American Society of Mammalogists in our procedures (Sikes & Gannon 2011).

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Communicated by Anurag chaurasia.

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Bobrowiec, P.E.D., Farneda, F.Z., Nobre, C.C. et al. Taxonomic and functional responses of bats to habitat flooding by an Amazonian mega-dam. Biodivers Conserv 31, 1359–1377 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-022-02396-8

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