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Designing criteria suites to identify discrete and networked sites of high value across manifestations of biodiversity

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Abstract

Suites of criteria specifying ecological, biological, social, economic, and governance properties enable the systematic identification of sites and networks of high biodiversity value, and can support balancing ecological and socioeconomic objectives of biodiversity conservation in terrestrial and marine spatial planning. We describe designs of suites of ecological, governance and socioeconomic criteria to comprehensively cover manifestations of biodiversity, from genotypes to biomes; compensate for taxonomic and spatial gaps in available datasets; balance biases resulting from conventionally-employed narrow criteria suites focusing on rare, endemic and threatened species; plan for climate change effects on biodiversity; and optimize the ecological and administrative networking of sites. Representativeness, replication, ecological connectivity, size, and refugia are identified as minimum ecological properties of site networks. Through inclusion of a criterion for phylogenetic distinctiveness, criteria suites identify sites important for maintaining evolutionary processes. Criteria for focal species are needed to overcome data gaps and address limitations in knowledge of factors responsible for maintaining ecosystem integrity.

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Acknowledgments

Preparation of a working paper, Towards a System of Networked Protected Marine Turtle Habitat Sites in the Indian Ocean—South-East Asian Region (IOSEA 2010), co-authored by E. Gilman and Douglas Hykle of the IOSEA Marine Turtle MoU Secretariat, provided the initial impetus for this research. We are grateful for assistance in inventorying the GBIF data portal provided by Tim Robertson and Andrea Hahn of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility Secretariat, and Jörg Holetschek of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. Insightful peer reviewer comments improved the final article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, 3661 Loulu Street, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Eric Gilman

  2. Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Daniel Dunn

  3. Duke Center for Marine Conservation, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Andrew Read

  4. Marine Science Program, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, USA

    K. David Hyrenbach

  5. Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia

    Robin Warner

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Correspondence to Eric Gilman.

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Gilman, E., Dunn, D., Read, A. et al. Designing criteria suites to identify discrete and networked sites of high value across manifestations of biodiversity. Biodivers Conserv 20, 3363–3383 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0116-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0116-y

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