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Bacterial communities and their predicted function change with the life stages of invasive C-strain Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda is known as a highly polyphagous and invasive insect pest of maize and many other important agricultural crops. Spodoptera frugiperda is categorized into two host-adapted strains, namely ‘R’ (rice) and ‘C’ (corn). Bacterial communities that inhabit the insect body play various physiological as well as biological roles. To design effective and environmentally safe management strategies, an understanding of the diversity and functions of microbiota harbored across the development stages is essential, specifically strain-specific. The assessment of the diversity of development-associated bacteria and their predicted functions was conducted in C-strain of S. frugiperda using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing obtained by the Illumina MiSeq technology. The results showed that the unique number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was higher in the pupal stage (145 OTUs) and lowest in the third instar larval stage (76 OTUs). Species richness progressively increased with metamorphosis and was significantly higher in adult females. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant phyla across all developmental stages. Firmicutes were dominant in egg (53.47%) and larval stages (52.38%), and Proteobacteria were dominant in pupa (41.26%) and adult male and female stages (54.69% and 46.49%, respectively). Enterococcus (46.74% and 12.54% in larva and pupa, respectively) was the most dominant genera at the genus level. Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erwinia were the dominant genera in the egg and adult stages. The principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) and linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) results showed significant differences in developmental stages. PICRUSt analysis showed that microbial communities involved in membrane transport were significantly high in third-instar larvae than in the other stages of development. Amino acid metabolism-associated microbial communities were predicted to be highest in eggs and lowest in third-instar larvae. Similarly, microbiota involved in energy metabolism was predicted to be highest in eggs and least in third-instar larvae. Additionally, the replication and repair processes associated with microbial communities were predicted highest in eggs and least in pupae. The current study provides documentation and information on symbiotic bacteria and how they work with strain-specific S. frugiperda. This will also lead to the creation of novel biological management strategies.

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Data availability

The raw datasets generated during the current study are deposited and available in NCBI SRA database under bioproject accession ID PRJNA979959 (https://dataview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/object/PRJNA979959?reviewer=propccup14a263fd5st94ai597). The partial DNA sequences generated for strain identification were deposited in NCBI GenBank under accession numbers (OQ955234—OQ955241).

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Acknowledgements

The authors are acknowledging the University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi for granting scholarship to the first author under the CSIR-UGC net program. We thank the ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region (ICAR RCER-FSRCHPR) Plandu, Ranchi for providing field and laboratories facilities throughout the investigation. We authors are also very thankful to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments to improve manuscript.

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  1. University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Morabadi, Ranchi, 843008, India

    Sushmita Banra, Anand Kumar Thakur, Anita Kumari, Priti Kumari Oraon, Subhash Kumar Sahu & Kanika Kumari

  2. ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming Systems Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi, 834010, India

    Jaipal Singh Choudhary & Naiyar Naaz

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S.B., J.S.C., A.K.T., N.N., A.K., P.K.O., S.K.S., K.K. actively participated in conducting the research; S.B. and J.S.C. completed the experiment; S.B. and J.S.C. analysed the data; S.B. and J.S.C. edited the manuscript. All the authors approved the final manuscript.

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Banra, S., Choudhary, J.S., Thakur, A.K. et al. Bacterial communities and their predicted function change with the life stages of invasive C-strain Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biol Invasions (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-024-03288-4

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