Abstract
Due to their large population sizes, synanthropic birds, including native and invasive species, can transmit pathogens to other vertebrates, and even humans. In particular, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause lethal infections in a wide range of avian species as well as mild infections in humans and other non-avian hosts. In this study conducted in Barcelona, Spain, we assessed the seroprevalence of NDV in three synanthropic species comprising one native species (feral pigeon, Columba livia var. domestica; N = 16) and two invasive parrots (monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus, N = 50; and rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri, N = 23). These species are considered to have played important roles in the introduction and spread of NDV due to their high population densities, gregariousness, and prolonged viral shedding through faeces. We found a high seroprevalence of NDV in the feral pigeon (56%) and monk parakeet (38%) but a low seroprevalence in the rose-ringed parakeet (4%). These differences may be explained by the frequent interactions among feral pigeons and monk parakeets in their daily lives facilitating viral transmission from the former to the latter, because the feral pigeon is a well-known NDV reservoir. By contrast, the low seroprevalence of NDV in rose-ringed parakeets could be explained by its less frequent contacts with other urban bird species. The high seroprevalence of NDV in feral pigeons and monk parakeets provides new insights into the roles of novel interspecific relationships in the transmission and spread of NDV, and the risk of these synanthropic species as a source of NDV in urban environments. Finally, our findings highlight the need to monitor NDV in both native and non-native birds to prevent its spread to poultry, wildlife, and humans.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spanish Research Council (CGL-2020 PID2020-114907 GB-C21). Author JBG was funded by the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid through project IND2022/AMB-23645 (Ayudas para la realización de doctorados industriales en la Comunidad de Madrid).
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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation and serum collection were performed by JCS and TM. Laboratory analyses were performed by NM and NB. Data analysis was performed by JB-G, IL-R, and LC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JB-G and IL-R, and all authors commented on other versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to declare.
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Birds were handled and blood samples taken with special permission under EPI 7/2015 (01529/1498/2015) from Direcció General del Medi Natural i Biodiversitat, Generalita de Catalunya, following Catalan regional ethical guidelines for the handling of birds. JCS received special authorization (001501- 0402.2009) for the handling of animals in research from Servei de Protecció de la Fauna, Flora i Animal de Companyia, according to Decree 214/1997/30.07.
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Blanco-González, J., López-Rull, I., Cayuela, L. et al. Native and invasive bird interactions increase the spread of Newcastle disease in urban environments. Biol Invasions 26, 845–855 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03213-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03213-1