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Multiple introductions and efficient propagule dispersion can lead to high genetic variability in an invasive clonal species

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Abstract

Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. (Asparagaceae) is an invasive plant in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Brazil, this species is mainly invasive along the Atlantic coast. The sexual reproduction is unknown in native and invaded regions, and individuals efficiently produce thousands of vegetative propagules by clonal reproduction. The actual distribution of F. foetida seems to be related to its historical use as a cultivated species and human-driven propagule pressure. Our hypotheses are that the multiple historical introduction events could originate high genetic diversity in invaded areas, and the posterior recurrent propagules migration could maintain the variability and produce strong cohesion among clonal populations along coastal environments in South America. To test these hypotheses, we used inter-simple sequence repeat molecular markers to investigate: (1) the level of genetic diversity of clonal populations; (2) the distribution of genetic diversity among native and invaded areas; and (3) the genetic structure of populations in invaded areas in the southeast and southern Brazil. Invasive populations showed similar levels of genetic diversity to the native populations, and in both areas was explained by the variation among individuals within populations instead of between populations and between regions. Based on the history of human use we believe that, in a larger time–space scale, the introduction from multiple sources is the main factor related to the high genetic diversity of this clonal species and a mixed genetic composition is reinforced by the efficient water dispersion of propagules among islands and coastal environments in South America.

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Acknowledgements

CB would like to thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for a doctoral scholarship, the team of the Laboratory of Systematics and Molecular Ecology of Plants (Federal University of Paraná) for technical support, and Sérgio Zalba, Mayara Caddah, Natalia Hanazaki, Paulo A. H. Júnior and Thiago C. L. Silveira for reviewing the manuscript. CB would also like to thank Thiago C. L. Silveira for helping with Fig. 1, Jean-Jacques de Granville for providing information about species occurrence sites in French Guiana and Olivier Tostain for the collections and sending the leaf samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecology Graduate Program, Ecology and Zoology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Cristiana Barbosa & Tânia Tarabini Castellani

  2. Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Botanical Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Rafael Trevisan

  3. Botanical Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Tairine Freisleben Estevinho & Viviane Silva-Pereira

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  1. Cristiana Barbosa
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Barbosa, C., Trevisan, R., Estevinho, T.F. et al. Multiple introductions and efficient propagule dispersion can lead to high genetic variability in an invasive clonal species. Biol Invasions 21, 3427–3438 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02057-y

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