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Environmental factors associated with invasion: modelling occurrence data from a coordinated sampling programme for Pacific oysters

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Abstract

Documenting establishment and spread of invasive species requires extensive co-ordinated sampling programmes. Identifying the factors promoting or inhibiting local establishment of an invasive species can improve capacity to predict further spread and underpin strategies to limit spread. Here, a structured sampling programme was used to assess the current distribution of feral populations of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in Ireland. Sixty-nine sites were sampled using a standardised protocol combining semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches. Sites were chosen to represent variation in proximity to aquaculture and a range of environmental variables. Oyster populations were found at 18 locations, with densities ranging from single individuals to nine individuals per m2. The broad size range of oysters found is indicative of more than one recruitment event. Logistic regression indicated that feral oysters were positively associated with the presence of hard substrata or biogenic reef, long residence times of embayments and large intertidal areas. There was also a tendency for oysters to occur disproportionately in bays with aquaculture, but >500 m from it. Small-scale analysis within sites showed that oysters were almost exclusively attached to hard substrata and mussel shell. The approach taken here provides a rigorous repeatable methodology for future monitoring and a detailed basis for the prediction of further spread.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to everyone who helped in the field, and to Grainne O’Brien and the regional officers of BIM (Irish Sea Fisheries Board) for access to their aquaculture databases and for putting us into contact with aquaculture operators. We would also like to thank Ciarán McGonigle from the Loughs Agency and members of staff for their extensive help in Northern Ireland and Donegal. Many thanks are due to Mike Burrows who calculated wave fetch and Tomasz Dabrowski, Marine Institute, who calculated residence times. Claire Guy and Dai Roberts from Queen’s University Belfast and Heike Büttger from BioConsult in Husum, Germany, helped during the initial planning of the survey. Eoin O’Gorman helped with the histograms. This work was supported by the Graduate Research Education Programme in Sustainable Development at University College Dublin, which was funded by the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHSS) and the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (IRCSET). The work was also done in association with the SIMBIOSYS (2007-B-CD-1-S1) project as part of the Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for the Environment (STRIVE) Programme, financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2007–2013, administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We also thank two reviewers and the editor, Jennifer Ruesink, whose suggestions improved this paper substantially.

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  1. School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Judith Kochmann, Jon Yearsley & Tasman P. Crowe

  2. Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co Galway, Ireland

    Francis O’Beirn

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  1. Judith Kochmann
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Correspondence to Judith Kochmann.

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10530_2013_452_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

Table with raw data. Information in columns from left to right with column 1: number of site, 2: number of habitat, 3: name of bay (abbreviated), 4: coordinate of longitude, 5: coordinate of latitude, 6: wave fetch (log10 km), 7: SACFOR categories for oyster abundances (C = Common, F = Frequent, O = Occasional, R = Rare, N = Absent), 8: residence time of bay, 9: width of intertidal shore (1 = 0–50 m, 2 = 51–100 m, 3 = 101–150 m, 4 ≥ 151 m), 10: aquaculture (0 = absent, 1 = close, 2 = far), 11, 12, 13:  % cover of substrata (XLSX 63 kb)

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Kochmann, J., O’Beirn, F., Yearsley, J. et al. Environmental factors associated with invasion: modelling occurrence data from a coordinated sampling programme for Pacific oysters. Biol Invasions 15, 2265–2279 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0452-9

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